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Biology 20b > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Formed elements are the cellular components of blood, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.

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2
Q

What is the process of making red blood cells called?

A

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys.

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3
Q

What hormone stimulates the release of red blood cells into circulation?

A

Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels.

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4
Q

Name three types of anemia.

A
  1. Iron-deficiency anemia
  2. Sickle cell anemia
  3. Aplastic anemia

Each type of anemia has different causes and effects on the body.

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5
Q

List the leukocytes in order from most abundant to least abundant.

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils

The order reflects the typical percentage of each type of white blood cell in the blood.

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6
Q

Identify the cell type that is the precursor to platelets.

A

Megakaryocyte

Megakaryocytes are large bone marrow cells that give rise to platelets.

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7
Q

True or False: Plasma is a formed element of blood.

A

False

Plasma is the liquid component of blood, while formed elements are the cellular components.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The main function of _______ is to transport oxygen.

A

Red blood cells

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen for transport.

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9
Q

What type of leukocyte is primarily involved in allergic responses?

A

Eosinophil

Eosinophils play a key role in the body’s response to allergens and parasitic infections.

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10
Q

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

A

Phagocytosis

Neutrophils are the first line of defense in the immune response, engulfing pathogens.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of blood cell formation occurs in the _______.

A

Bone marrow

Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis, where blood cells are produced.

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Formed elements are the cellular components of blood.

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14
Q

What is the process of making red blood cells called?

A

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys.

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15
Q

What hormone stimulates the release of red blood cells into circulation?

A

Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels.

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16
Q

Name three types of anemia.

A
  • Iron-deficiency anemia
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Hemolytic anemia

Each type of anemia has different causes and effects on the body.

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17
Q

List the leukocytes in order from most abundant to least abundant.

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils

This order reflects their relative abundance in the bloodstream.

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18
Q

Which leukocyte is the most numerous?

A

Neutrophil

Neutrophils are a type of granulocyte and play a key role in the immune response.

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19
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils

Granulocytes contain granules in their cytoplasm that are used in the immune response.

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20
Q

What is another name for a red blood cell?

A

Erythrocyte

Erythrocytes are anucleate and are primarily responsible for oxygen transport.

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21
Q

What are agranulocytes?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes

Agranulocytes lack visible granules in their cytoplasm.

22
Q

What is the precursor cell of platelets?

Study These Flashcards
A

Megakaryocyte

Megakaryocytes are large bone marrow cells responsible for the production of platelets.

23
Q

Which leukocyte is involved in destroying parasitic worms?

Study These Flashcards
A

Eosinophil

Eosinophils are particularly effective against multicellular parasites.

24
Q

Which leukocyte releases histamine and promotes inflammation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Basophil

Basophils play a role in the inflammatory response and allergic reactions.

25
Which leukocyte produces antibodies?
Lymphocyte ## Footnote Lymphocytes are crucial for the adaptive immune response.
26
What is the primary component of plasma?
Water ## Footnote Plasma is a noncellular fluid matrix that also contains proteins, electrolytes, and nutrients.
27
What happens to a monocyte after it exits a blood vessel?
It develops into a macrophage ## Footnote Macrophages are important for phagocytosis and immune defense.
28
What are the five types of white blood cells?
* Neutrophils * Lymphocytes * Monocytes * Eosinophils * Basophils ## Footnote Each type has distinct functions in the immune system.
29
True or False: Blood type can be interpreted from blood typing procedure results.
True ## Footnote Blood typing tests determine the presence of specific antigens on red blood cells.
30
Fill in the blank: The fluid matrix of blood is known as _______.
plasma ## Footnote Plasma is essential for transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
31
32
What are the antigens found on the surface of blood cells?
ABO and Rh antigens ## Footnote Antigens determine blood type and compatibility for transfusions.
33
What are antibodies found in plasma?
Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies ## Footnote These antibodies react with corresponding antigens on blood cells.
34
List the blood types.
* AB+ * AB- * B+ * B- * O+ * O- ## Footnote Blood types are based on the presence or absence of antigens.
35
Is it safe to give AB+ blood for transfusion?
Yes, AB+ is the universal recipient ## Footnote AB+ can receive blood from all types.
36
Identify the structure: superior vena cava.
A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart ## Footnote It drains blood into the right atrium.
37
Identify the structure: inferior vena cava.
A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart ## Footnote It also drains blood into the right atrium.
38
What is the function of the pulmonary trunk?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs ## Footnote The pulmonary trunk splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries.
39
What do pulmonary veins do?
Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium ## Footnote There are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung.
40
What is the role of the left ventricle?
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta ## Footnote It has thicker walls than the right ventricle to handle higher pressure.
41
Fill in the blank: The __________ valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
mitral (bicuspid) valve ## Footnote This valve prevents backflow of blood into the atrium.
42
What is the interventricular septum?
The wall separating the left and right ventricles ## Footnote It plays a crucial role in maintaining separate pressures in each ventricle.
43
Identify the structure: aortic arch.
The curved portion of the aorta that distributes blood to the upper body ## Footnote It gives rise to major arteries such as the brachiocephalic trunk.
44
What are chordae tendineae?
Tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves ## Footnote They prevent valve inversion during ventricular contraction.
45
True or False: The epicardium is the outer layer of the heart.
True ## Footnote The epicardium is also known as the visceral layer of the pericardium.
46
What is the myocardium?
The muscular middle layer of the heart wall ## Footnote It is responsible for the pumping action of the heart.
47
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the inner lining of the heart.
endocardium ## Footnote The endocardium lines the chambers and valves of the heart.
48
What is the fossa ovalis?
A remnant of the foramen ovale in the adult heart ## Footnote It is located in the right atrium and was an opening during fetal development.
49
What does the ligamentum arteriosum represent?
A remnant of the ductus arteriosus in the adult heart ## Footnote It connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
50
Identify the structure: papillary muscle.
Muscle that anchors the chordae tendineae and helps control the atrioventricular valves ## Footnote Papillary muscles contract to prevent valve prolapse.

Biology 20b (5 decks)

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