Blood

Question 1

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 1

Transport, Regulates pH, Prevent fluid loss, Defense, Temperature

Question 2

When sampling blood what type of vessels are preferred?

Answer 2

Veins

Question 3

When sampling blood why would arterial puncture be used?

Answer 3

blood gasses are higher in arteries compared to the veins

Question 4

What is the Hematocrit used for?

Answer 4

to measure the total number of red blood cells in the total blood volume

Question 5

3 components visible in the Hematocrit?

Answer 5

plasma, white blood cells (buffy coat), red blood cells

Question 6

What is hemopoieses?

Answer 6

production of blood

Question 7

What do red blood cells and white blood cells have in common?

Answer 7

They both come from pluripotent stem cells (hemocytoblast)

Question 8

What makes a red blood cell unique ?

Answer 8

its shape (bi-concave disc), flexible, no organelles

Question 9

How long do Red blood cells usually live?

Answer 9

120 days

Question 10

What elements are required in erythropoiesis?

Answer 10

iron, B12, folic acid

Question 11

How long does erythropoiesis last?

Answer 11

3-5 days

Question 12

Where do dead erythrocytes go?

Answer 12

liver and spleen

Question 13

What is another name for red blood cells?

Answer 13

Erythrocytes

Question 14

What is Anemia?

Answer 14

low number of red blood cells, and low hemoglobin content

Question 15

What are some symptoms of Anemia?

Answer 15

lethargy, weakness, and tiredness

Question 16

Why is anemia so bad?

Answer 16

because of the decreased rbc and hb this decrease the oxygen transport needed for tissues causing body weakness

Question 17

What are different types of anemia?

Answer 17

Blood loss Anemia, defective or insufficient cell anemia, and defective or insufficient cells

Question 18

Explain what blood loss anemia is?

Answer 18

loss of RBC due to hemorrhage

Question 19

What is hemorrhage?

Answer 19

escape of blood from ruptured blood vessel

Question 20

What type of drugs can cause hemorrhages?

Answer 20

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 21

Examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

Answer 21

aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

Question 22

What if defective or insufficient cell anemia?

Answer 22

iron deficiency anemia and pernicious anemia usually caused by diet

Question 23

What is iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 23

The most common type of anemia. There is not enough iron in the heme molecules causing the body to not make Hb.

Question 24

What foods should be eaten in iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 24

Red meat, poultry, fish, seed, and nuts

Question 25

What is pernicious anemia?

Answer 25

vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 26

Why is B12 important?

Answer 26

because it is needed for erythropoiesis (production of RBC)

Question 27

What is defective or insufficient cells?

Answer 27

cells that are not shaped correctly and cannot properly function ex. sickle cell

Question 28

What is sickle cell?

Answer 28

it is caused when a defective beta chain on the Hb molecules. caused by a mutation in the DNA coding (1 amino acid changed)

Question 29

What happens to the cells in sickle cell?

Answer 29

the cells being to fold (hook) and stick to each other.

Question 30

How does sickle cell do to the body?

Answer 30

it can cause RBC to get stuck at blood vessels and can lead the body not be able to supply O2 when needed

Question 31

What is erythropoiesis?

Answer 31

production of making RBC

Question 32

What stimulates erythropoiesis?

Answer 32

peptide hormone erythropoietin (EPO) and androgens

Question 33

When is EPO secreted?

Answer 33

secreted naturally in the body that increases when O2 is low (hypoxemia)

Question 34

What is hypoxia?

Answer 34

low oxygen

Question 35

Example of Androgen that stimulate RBC production?

Answer 35

Testosterone

Question 36

Who has more RBCs?

Answer 36

men have a higher RBC count because they secrete testosterone

Question 37

What is blood doping?

Answer 37

injection of oxygenated blood into an athlete before an event in an attempt to enhance athletic performance

Question 38

Different ways blood doping is possible?

Answer 38

exposing body to low O2, removing blood then reinducing before competition, taking EPO/Testosterone

Question 39

Why could an athlete train in low O2 environments?

Answer 39

because it increases red blood cell production which improves oxygen delivery to muscles

Question 40

What is one negative side effect of blood doping?

Answer 40

it can cause the blood to be more viscous increasing resistance and making it harder to push blood into the body

Question 41

What are formed elements in blood?

Answer 41

platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells