Blood 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define anemia
Decreased Hb concentration
Decreased o2 carrying capacity
Affects tissue oxygenation and its function
Causes for anaemia
Iron deficiency
Vit B12 and folic acid deficiency
Haemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Define polycythemia
Increased number of RBC count than the normal level (increased pack cell volume)
2 types of polycythemia
Polycythemia Vera (genetic )
Secondary Polycythemia (high demand for RBC,people live in high altitude)
First place to observe jaundice
Sclera of eya
Name for clinically detected jaundice [>2.5mg/dl]
Hyperbilirubinemia
Normal concentration of bilirubin in blood
<1 mg/dl
Define jaundice
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Define leukemia
A type of cancer found in blood and bone marrow caused by rapid production of abnormal WBCs,which can’t fight infection
Which disease condition impairs the ability of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells and platelets
Leukemia
Define Leukocytosis
Increased (elevated)WBC count in blood)
Reasons for leukocytosis can be
Bacterial or parasitic infections, bone tumours
Leukemia
Define thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytosis
Thrombasthenia
Thrombocytopenia =low platelet count
Thrombocytosis =high platelet count [blood loss ,iron deficiency
Thrombasthenia,platelet count is normal but structurely abnormal
What is haemostasis
Processes by which blood loss from a damaged vessel is stopped
Parts of haemostasis
1Vascular spasm
2platelet plug formation
3 coagulation /blood clotting
4 fibrinolysis (dissolution of the blood clot)
2 pathways of clotting factor activation
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Proteins involve in intrinsic pathway
Kininogen
Kallikrein
Reasons for bleeding disorders
Defects in capillary walls
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Examples for defects in clotting mechanism
Haemophilia
Vitamin k deficiency (2,7,9,10)
Liver disease
Where does the majority of clotting factors are produced
In liver
Laboratory tests for bleeding disorders
Bleeding time
Prothrombin time
APTT(activated partial thromboplastin time)
