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Chapter 19 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by a liquid extra cellular matrix

A

Blood

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2
Q

Fluid that bathes body cells and is constantly renewed by the blood

A

Interstitial fluid

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3
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation, regulation, protection

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4
Q

The straw colored liquid that is left after formed elements are removed from blood

A

Blood plasma

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5
Q

Proteins confined to blood

A

Plasma proteins

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6
Q

Three types of plasma proteins

A

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

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7
Q

Three principal components of formed elements of the blood

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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8
Q

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and deliver carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs

A

Red blood cells

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9
Q

Protect the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances

A

White blood cells

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10
Q

Fragments of cells that do not have a nucleus; release chemicals that promote blood clotting when blood vessels are damaged

A

Platelets

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11
Q

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs

A

Hematocrit

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12
Q

When the percentage of RBCs is abnormally high

A

Polyphemus

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13
Q

Process by which the formed elements of blood develop

A

Hemopoeisis

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14
Q

Highly vascularized connective tissue located in the microscopic spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone

A

Red bone marrow

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15
Q

Derived from mesenchyme; have the capacity to develop into many different types of cells

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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16
Q

Begin their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells

A

Myeloid stem cells

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17
Q

Give rise to lymphocytes, begin their development in red blood marrow but complete it in lymphatic tissues

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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18
Q

No longer capable of reproducing themselves and are committed to giving rise to more specific elements of blood

A

Progenitor cells

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19
Q

Regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells

A

Hemopoietic growth factors

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20
Q

Increases the number of red blood cell precursors

A

Erythropoietin

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21
Q

Hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes

A

Thrombopoietin

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22
Q

Small glycoproteins that are typically produced by cells such as red bone marrow cells,leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells

A

Cytokines

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23
Q

Two important families of cytokines that stimulate white blood cell formation

A

Colony-stimulating factors and interleukins

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24
Q

Pigment that gives whole blood it’s red color

A

Hemoglobin

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25
Q

Produced by endothelial cells that line blood vessels and binds to hemoglobin

A

Nitric oxide

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26
Q

The production of red blood cells

A

Erythropoiesis

27
Q

The beginning part of erythropoiesis, Divides several times, producing cells that begin to synthesis hemoglobin

A

Proerythroblast

28
Q

Cellular oxygen deficiency

A

Hypoxia

29
Q

Have nuclei and a full complement of other organelles but they do not contain hemoglobin

A

White blood cells

30
Q

Three types of granular leukocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

31
Q

Two agranular leukocytes

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

32
Q

Increase in the number of white blood cells

A

Leukocytosis

33
Q

Abnormally low level of white blood cells

A

Leukopenia

34
Q

Process where white blood cells leave the bloodstream

A

Emigration

35
Q

Help white blood cells stick to the endothelium

A

Adhesion molecules

36
Q

Ingesting bacteria and disposing of dead matter

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

Proteins that exhibit a broad range of antibiotic activity against bacteria

A

Defensins

38
Q

Fragment enclosed by a piece of the plasma membrane; Break off from the megakaryocytes in red bone marrow and then enter blood circulation

A

Platelet

39
Q

Replacement of cancerous or abnormal red bone marrow with healthy red bone marrow in order to establish normal blood cell counts

A

Bone marrow transplant

40
Q

Sequence of responses that stop bleeding

A

Hemostasis

41
Q

The loss of a large amount of blood from the vessels

A

Hemorrhage

42
Q

A hormone that can cause proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle fibers, and fibroblasts to help repair damage blood vessel walls

A

Platelet-derived growth factor

43
Q

Blood plasma minus the clotting proteins; straw colored liquid

A

Serum

44
Q

Network of insoluble protein fibers called fiber in which the formed elements of blood are trapped

A

Blood clot

45
Q

Process of gel formation; series of chemical reactions that culminates in formation of fibrin threads

A

Clotting

46
Q

When blood clots too easy, it can result in

A

Thrombosis

47
Q

Consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot

A

Clot retraction

48
Q

Dissolves small inappropriate clots

A

Fibrinolytic system

49
Q

Damage to smooth muscle, constricting to slow blood flow

A

Vascular spasm

50
Q

When platelets stuck to damaged blood vessels

A

Platelet adhesion (first step of platelet plug formation)

51
Q

Platelets activate, extend projections that enable them to interact to one another; begin to liberate the contents of their vesicles

A

Platelet release reaction (step 2 of platelet plug formation)

52
Q

Release of ADP makes other platelets sticky, causing them to stick where original ones are

A

Platelet aggregation (final step of platelet plug formation)

53
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Tissue trauma->Tissue factor->activated clotting factor X-> prothrombin->thrombin->fibrin

54
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

Exposed collagen -> activates clotting factor XII -> clotting factor X -> prothrombin -> thrombin -> fibrin

55
Q

Common pathway

A

Prothrombin, thrombin, fibril

56
Q

Consolidation or tightening of fibrin clot

A

Clot retraction

57
Q

Tear down of fibrin; dissolving clot

A

Fibrinolysis

58
Q

The three Anticoagulants are:

A

Antithrombin, heparin, protein C

59
Q

Attack antigens; come from B cells

A

Antibodies

60
Q

Transfer of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream or directly into red bone marrow

A

Transfusion

61
Q

Clumping of RBCs

A

Agglutination

62
Q

Rupture of the RBCs and the release of hemoglobin into the blood plasma

A

Hemolysis

63
Q

When small amount of Rh+ blood leaks from the fetus into the placenta into the bloodstream of Rh- mother, mother begins to make anti-Rh antibodies

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Chapter 19 (1 decks)

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