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Science for Medicine > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Average volume of blood in a typical adult male

A

5l - approx. 7-8% body weight
1l in lungs
1l in heart and arterial circulation
3l in systemic venous circulation

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2
Q

Functions of blood

A 
Carriage of physiologically active compounds
Clotting
Defence
Carriage of gas
Thermoregulation
Maintenance of ECF pH
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3
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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4
Q

Albumin

A

For maintaining colloid osmotic pressure

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5
Q

Globulin

A

For immune system

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6
Q

Fibrinogen

A

For clotting

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7
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Created by plasma proteins as they do not readily cross the capillary wall
Water pulled in from surrounding tissues due to conc. gradient

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8
Q

Circulating levels of RBC, WBC and platelets

A

RBC - 4-6x10^12/l
WBC - 1x10^10/l
Platelets - 140-400x10^9/l

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9
Q

Lifespan of RBC, WBC and platelets

A

RBC - 120 days
WBC - 13-20 days
Platelets - 10 days

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10
Q

RBC function

A

Densely packed with haemoglobin => protein concerned with gas transport

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11
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Controls formation of red blood cells
Synthesised mostly in kidneys, also in hepatocytes (in liver)
Increase in secretion when decrease in O2 to kidneys

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12
Q

White blood cells (types)

A 
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
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13
Q

Neutophil

A

Found in blood

First cells to migrate to site of infection to begin killing microbes

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14
Q

Basophil

A

Often found in parasitic infections

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15
Q

Eosinophil

A

Help combat parasitic infections
Involved in allergy and asthma
Granules contain many enzymes

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16
Q

Monocytes

A

Divide and differentiate into macrophages (found in connective tissue)
Monocytes found in blood
Give off chemicals to restrict blood flow away from site of injury
Contraction of endothelial cells

17
Q

Platelets

A

Adhere to damaged vessel walls and exposed connective tissue to mediate blood clotting

18
Q

Haematocrit

A

Measurement of % of blood cells and whole blood

19
Q

Normal values for haematocrit

A

Male - 40-54%
Female - 37-47%
Increases with heart/lung disease, living at high altitude

20
Q

Blood viscosity

A

How sticky/thick blood is compared to water

21
Q

Factors affecting normal viscosity

A

Increase in viscosity when:
Increase in haematocrit
Decrease in temperature
Decrease in flow rate

Science for Medicine (16 decks)

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