Blood

Question 1

Dietary. Requirements for Erythropoiesis

Answer 1

Amino acids, lipids, and carbs

Question 2

RBC Life Span

Answer 2

100-120 days

Question 3

How and where are RBC’s eliminate

Answer 3

Macrophages engulf dying RBC’s in the spleen

Question 4

What is separated from the RBC’s during RBC death

Answer 4

Heme and globin

Question 5

What is salvaged from the heme and globin for reuse

Answer 5

Iron

Question 6

What is Globin metabolized into

Answer 6

Amino Acids

Question 7

Erythrocyte Disorders

Answer 7

Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Thalassemias, Sickle Cell

Question 8

Clot breakdown. What is the name of this process

Answer 8

Fibrinolysis

Question 9

What does plasmin do during Fibrinolysis

.

Answer 9

Breaks down the clot and digests the enzymes

Question 10

_________ inhibits clotting.

Answer 10

Heparin

Question 11

____________ is bound to fibrin threads and prevents it from acting elsewhere when not needed.

Answer 11

Thrombin

Question 12

What three natural occurring anti-coagulants inactivate thrombin.

Answer 12

Antithrombin 3, protein C, and Heparin

Question 13

This vitamin acts as a potent anticoagulant and prevents platelet adhesion

Answer 13

Vitamin Equinine

Question 14

This is secreted by endothelial cells to prevent platelet adhesion to the vessel wall

Answer 14

Prostacyclin

Question 15

What 3 things may cause Disseminated Intravascular Clotting (DIC)

Answer 15

Pregnancy
Septicemia
Incompatible Bl Transfusion

Question 16

What happens during DIC

Answer 16

Widespread clotting blocks blocks bl flow. This may cause severe bleeding due to intact RBC’s to become damaged as they pass through the clots.

Question 17

Define Thrombocytopenia

Answer 17

Deficient number of circulating platelets

Question 18

What may appear on the skin due to widespread spontaneous hemorrhage?

Answer 18

Petechiae

Question 19

What causes thrombocytopenia

Answer 19

Suppression or destruction on bone marrow.

Question 20

How is thrombocytopenia treated

Answer 20

With transfusions of concentrated platelets.

Question 21

What can impaired liver function cause?

Answer 21

The inability to synthesize anticoagulants

Question 22

What can cause impaired liver function

Answer 22

Cirrhosis, Hepatitis C, Vit K deficiency

Question 23

Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of what clotting factor

Answer 23

Factor VIII

Question 24

Hemophilia B is caused by an issue with what clotting factor

Answer 24

Factor IX

Question 25

Hemophilia C is caused by a deficiency of what clotting factor

Answer 25

Factor XI

Question 26

What defines a persons bl type

Answer 26

The type of antigens present in the bl

Question 27

A person with antigen AB and a RH+ factor would have what bl type.

Answer 27

AB+

Question 28

What is the cause of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Answer 28

When an RH- mother gives birth to an RH+ baby. The RH- blood passes through the placenta to the fetus and can cause widespread RBC destruction.

Question 29

What drug can treat Erythroblastosis Fetalis?

Answer 29

RhoGam

Question 30

Besides RhoGam, what else can be done to treat Erythroblastosis Fetalis?

Answer 30

Whole Blood Transfusions.

Question 31

True or False. Hb has O2 and CO2 carrying capabilities.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

Bl plasma is ______% water

Answer 32

90%

Question 33

Albumin makes up _____% of Bl plasma

Answer 33

60%

Question 34

Globulins make up _______% of Bl Plasma

Answer 34

36%

Question 35

Fibrinogen makes up ______% of Bl plasma

Answer 35

4%

Question 36

What are the only complete blood cells?

Answer 36

WBC's

Question 37

RBC's have no _________________ and ATP production is __________

Answer 37

Mitochondria / Anaerobic

Question 38

RBC's have >_______% what?

Answer 38

97% hemoglobin

Question 39

HB globin chains have ____alpha and _____ beta chains

Answer 39

2 / 2

Question 40

Each Hb can transport _______ O2

Answer 40

4

Question 41

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 41

In the red bone marrow of flat bones.

Question 42

What are hemocytoblasts?

Answer 42

Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 43

what is erythropoiesis?

Answer 43

RBC production

Question 44

Balance between RBC production and destruction depends on what two factors?

Answer 44

Hormonal controls | Adequate supplies of iron, amino acids, and b vitamins

Question 45

What hormone is responsible for the direct stimulus of RBC production

Answer 45

EPO - Erythropoietin

Question 46

What is hemolytic anemia

Answer 46

RBC premature rupture

Question 47

Aplastic anemia - what causes it?

Answer 47

Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

Question 48

what causes pernicious anemia

Answer 48

Deficiency of Vit B12 | Lack of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of Vitb12

Question 49

Tx for pernicious anemia

Answer 49

Vit b12 injections or application of Nascobal

Question 50

What causes Thalassemias

Answer 50

Absent or faulty globin chain

Question 51

What is a result of Thalassemias

Answer 51

Delicate RBC's and deficient Hb

Question 52

What causes sickle cell

Answer 52

Faulty genetic code of hemoglobin

Question 53

What is polycythemia?

Answer 53

Abnormally high RBC count

Question 54

What is a result of polycythemia

Answer 54

Increased bl viscosity, increased bl pressure

Question 55

Polycythemia Vera is caused by

Answer 55

Cancer

Question 56

What causes secondary polycythemia

Answer 56

High altitude

Question 57

True or false - Neutrophils are the most abundant WBC.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

When are neutrophils present

Answer 58

During a bacterial infection

Question 59

True or False - Neutrophils, Esonophils, and Basophils are phagocytic.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

True or False. Eosinophils attack worms.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are also known as.....

Answer 61

Neutrophils

Question 62

True or False. Basophils do not release histamine.

Answer 62

False.

Question 63

True or false. Leukocytes are crucial to immunity

Answer 63

True

Question 64

What are the two types of leukocytes.

Answer 64

T cells - act against virus infections (active in thymus) | B cells - Give rise to plasma cell which produce antibodies. (Active in bone marrow.)

Question 65

What is the largest leukocyte?

Answer 65

Monocytes

Question 66

True or false. Monocytes help mount an immune system response.

Answer 66

True.

Question 67

What age group is acute leukemia present in?

Answer 67

Children

Question 68

True or False. Only adults are classified with chronic leukemia.

Answer 68

True.

Question 69

What does myelotic leukemia involve.

Answer 69

Myeloblasts.

Question 70

What is involved in lymphatic leukemia?

Answer 70

Lymphocytes.

Question 71

What causes death in someone with leukemia?

Answer 71

Overwhelming infections | Internal hemorrhage

Question 72

What are platelets made of?

Answer 72

Small fragments of megakaryocytes.

Question 73

What regulates Platelets

Answer 73

Thrombopoietin.

Question 74

A fast series of reactions for the stoppage of bleeding is called___________

Answer 74

Hemostasis

Question 75

What happens during Hemostasis?

Answer 75

Vascular spasm Platelet plug formation Coagulation

Question 76

True or False. Platelet formation is due to a negative feedback system.

Answer 76

False. It occurs due to a positive feedback system.

Question 77

What are the steps involved in platelet formation

Answer 77

Fibrinogen, a liquid, is acted upon by thrombin to create fibrin, a gel.

Question 78

True or False. The process in which prothrombin is formed is both intrinsic and extrinsic.

Answer 78

True.