Blood 85-117

Question 1

Where are platelets formed?

Answer 1

bone marrow

Question 2

Do platelets arise from myeloid or lymphoid stem cells?

Answer 2

myeloid stem cells

Question 3

What large cell breaks into cytoplasmic fragments that become platelets?

Answer 3

megakaryocyte

Question 4

What is the main functions of platelets?

Answer 4

blood clotting

Question 5

What prevents clot formation in healthy blood vessels?

Answer 5

balance between coagulants and anticoagulants

Question 6

What hormone regulates platelet formation?

Answer 6

thrombopoietin

Question 7

What is hemostasis?

Answer 7

stop bleeding in a ruptured vessel

Question 8

What are the three main phases of hemostasis?

Answer 8

vasospasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation

Question 9

What is the benefit of vasoconstriction after blood vessel rupture?

Answer 9

minimize blood loss

Question 10

Is the platelet plug considered a temporary or permanent seal to blood vessel rupture?

Answer 10

temporary

Question 11

What causes platelets to adhere to a damage blood vessel?

Answer 11

collagen fibers

Question 12

What substance must be present for platelets to adhere to a damaged blood vessel?

Answer 12

von willebrand factor

Question 13

What do platelets release to attract additional platelets to the site?

Answer 13

thromboxane

Question 14

What limits the size of the platelet plug?

Answer 14

prostacyclin

Question 15

What is the end goal of coagulation?

Answer 15

Cascade coagulation: which activates on molecule in a series

Question 16

In the intrinsic pathway, a ruptured blood vessel begins the coagulation process. In the extrinsic pathway, ____ trauma begins the process.

Answer 16

tissue

Question 17

The last three steps in coagulation are?

Answer 17

1. Prothrombin activator is formed
2. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin
3. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin -> fibrin mesh -> blood clot

Question 18

About how long does it take for a clot to form?

Answer 18

3-6 minutes

Question 19

What molecule is responsible for clot retraction?

Answer 19

fibrin

Question 20

What molecule aids in the repair process, stimulating smooth muscle and fibroblast proliferation?

Answer 20

PDGF (platelet derived growth factor)

Question 21

What molecule digests fibrin?

Answer 21

plasmin

Question 22

What is the role of TPA in clot digestion?

Answer 22

TPA converts plasminogen to plasmin

Question 23

A clot that forms on the walls of an unbroken vessel is called a ________?

Answer 23

thrombus

Question 24

A clot that breaks away from the wall of a blood vessel is called an ________?

Answer 24

embolus

Question 25

An embolus that gets trapped in small blood vessels is called an _________?

Answer 25

embolism

Question 26

A hereditary disorder where minor trauma results in prolonged bleeding is called______?

Answer 26

Hemophilia

Question 27

Hemophiliacs cannot synthesize certain _________?

Answer 27

procoagulant

Question 28

Why might an individual with liver dysfunction bleed abnormally?

Answer 28

lack of procoagulants

Question 29

Name the 4 ABO blood groups:

Answer 29

A, B, AB, O

Question 30

Which type of antibodies does a person with type A blood have?

Answer 30

A antigens & antigen B antibodies

Question 31

A person with blood type A has __ antigens and anti-___-antibodies

Answer 31

A ; B

Question 32

A person with blood type AB can be transfused with which blood types?

Answer 32

Universal Recipient: A, B, AB, O

Question 33

Describe the importance of the Rh factor in pregnancy and transfusion.

Answer 33

The importance is on the second pregnancy when the mom is rh negative and the baby is rh positive it makes the baby be born with a percentage of destroyed rbcs