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RIA - HAEMATOLOGY > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

what may presence of Schistocytes indicate?

A
  • HUS
  • DIC
  • TTP
  • haemolytic anaemia
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2
Q

causes of MICROCYTIC anaemia? (TAILS)

A
  • Thalassaemia
  • Anaemia of chronic disease
  • Iron deficiency anaemia
  • Lead poisoning
  • Sideroblastic anaemia
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3
Q

iron deficiency anaemia blood film findings?

A

microcytic hypochromic anaemia

low ferritin

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4
Q

causes of NORMOCYTIC anaemia? (5)

A
  • Acute blood loss
  • Aplastic anaemia
  • Haemolytic anaemia
  • Hypothyroidism
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5
Q

2 divisions of macrocytic anaemia

A

megaloblastic & normoblastic

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6
Q

what is megaloblastic anaemia

A

impaired DNA synthesis caused by a vitamin deficiency. this results in the cell continuously growing instead of dividing

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7
Q

cause of megaloblastic anaemia (2)

A
  • vitamin B12 def

- folate def

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8
Q

5 causes of MACROCYTIC anaemia

A
  • alcohol
  • hypothyroidism
  • reticulocytosis
  • liver disease
  • azathiprine
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9
Q

symptoms of anaemia

A
  • tiredness
  • sob
  • headache
  • dizzy
  • palpitations
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10
Q

2 specific symptoms of Iron deficiency anaemia

A
  • pica

- hair loss

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11
Q

what is pica & what its related to

A

specific symptom of iron deficiency anaemia

dietary cravings for specific things e.g. dirt

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12
Q

sign in haemolytic anaemia

A

jaundice

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13
Q

bone deformities occur in which blood disorder

A

thalassaemia

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14
Q

4 specific examination signs in Fe def anaemia

A
  • atrophic glossitis
  • angular stomatitis
  • brittle hair & nails
  • Koilonychia
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15
Q

6 initial blood tests for invx anaemia

A
  • Haemoglobin
  • MCV - mean cell volume
  • B12
  • Folate
  • Ferritin
  • Blood film
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16
Q

4 causes of iron deficiency anaemia

A
  • increased requirements e.g. pregnancy
  • poor absorption
  • blood loss (slow)
  • poor diet
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17
Q

where is iron absorbed

A
  • duodenum

- jejunum

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18
Q

group of medications that can affect Iron levels due to affecting acidity of stomach

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A

Protein pump inhibitors

19
Q

medical conditions affecting Fe absorption

Study These Flashcards
A

Chrons disease

Coeliac disease

20
Q

most common causes of GI tract bleeding (2)

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A
  • gastritis

- oesophagitis

21
Q

TIBC & transferrin levels in Iron deficiency anaemia

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A

both are high

22
Q

expected rise of haemoglobin with iron supplementation

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A

10 grams/litre per week

23
Q

how is slow correction of iron deficiency anaemia achieved?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ferrous sulfate 200 mg TDS

24
Q

SE iron tabs

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A
  • black stools

- constipated

25
Vitamin B12 found in which foods?
meat, fish, dairy products
26
what is Vit B12 bound to in the stomach
intrinsic factor
27
4 causes of B12 deficiency
- pernicious anaemia - dietary e.g. vegans - ileal resection - chrons disease
28
pathophysiology of Pernicious anaemia
Autoimmune condition where antibodies form against parietal cells or intrinsic factor
29
what cells produce intrinsic factor
parietal cells of stomach
30
neurological symptoms of low Vit B12
- peripheral neuropathy - loss of vibration sense & proprioception - visual changes - mood/cognitive changes
31
auto antibodies in pernicious anaemia
1) Intrinsic factor antibody | 2) Gastric parietal cell antibody
32
dietary replacement for Vit B12 deficiency?
cyanocobalamin
33
Treatment of Vit B12 deficiency anaemia due to malabsorption
1mg of intramuscular hydroxycobalamin 3 times weekly for 2 weeks
34
treatment of folate deficiency anaemia?
treat B12 deficiency first | then folate
35
treating B12 deficiency with folic acid can lead to what?
subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
36
inheritance of beta & alpha thalassaemia
autosomal recessive
37
patho of thalassaemia?
The red blood cells are more fragile, therefore break down more easily. The bone marrow expands to produce extra blood cells --> susceptibility to fractures & pronounced forehead and malar eminences
38
signs & symptoms of thalassaemia?
- pronounced forehead and malar eminences - poor growth & development - splenomegaly - jaundice - pallor - gall stones - fatigue - MICROCYTIC ANAEMIA
39
thalassaemia - type of anaemia?
microcytic anaemia (low MCV)
40
how is thalassaemia diagnosed? (3)
- FBC: microcytic anaemia - Haemoglobin electrophoresis - DNA testing
41
in Thalassaemia, what occurs as a result of frequent blood transfusions?
IRON overload
42
symptoms of iron overload (7)
``` Fatigue Liver cirrhosis Infertility and impotence Heart failure Arthritis Diabetes Osteoporosis and joint pain ```
43
management of iron overload
iron chelators
44
eg. of iron chelator & side effects?
Deferoxamine - blurred vision - ringing in ears - dizziness

RIA - HAEMATOLOGY (6 decks)

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