BLOOD Flashcards
(23 cards)
mention the two compartments of body fluids and the constituents
intracellular fluids(ICF)-cytoplasm
extracellular fluids(ECF)-synovial fluid
cerebralspinal fluid
blood
lymph
viterous and acqueos humor
interstitial fluids
define blood
is a fluid connective tissue containing blood cells ,plasma ,plasma proteins and other elements
state the functions of blood ;3 points
#transportation #protection #regulation
state the physical properties of the blood :5points
viscocity is more than water
temperature is 38c
pH is alkaline(7.35-7.45)
color varies with oxygen conc:bright red -high oxygen,dark red-low oxygen
volume:6-7L in male human and 4-5L in female
mention the hormones that ensure blood volume and pressure remain relatively constant :3points
aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone
atrial natriuretic peptide
what are the two components of the blood?
- Blood plasma(91.5%water,8.5%solutes)
2. formed elements(blood cells and cell fragments)
define homopoiesis
is the process of formation of blood cells
its also known as hematopoiesis
what are the blood cells produced in the bone marrow?
all RBCs
all platelets
70% of WBCs
what are the two types of stem cells
myeloid stem cells
lymphoid stem cells
what are hemopoietic growth factors
are hormones which control differentiation and proliferation of progenitor cells
what are progenitor cells
are more developed forms of stem cells that differentiate into a specific cells
what are the two hemopoietic growth factors
erythropoietic
thrombopoietic
what is the function erythropoietic (EPO) and site of production
it functions to stimulate the increase of RBC precursors (erythroblasts)
EPO are produced in the cells between the kidney tubules (peritubular interstitial cells)
what is the function of thrombpoietic (TPO)
it functions to stimulate the rate at which platelets develpo from precursor megakaryoblasts
What are the properties of RBCs :6 points
~have biconcave shape ~have a diameter of 6-8 micrometer ~20-30 trillion in number in adults ~have a lifespan of 120 days ~red in color due to spectral properties of hemic iron in hemoglobin
what are the two parts of haemoglobin
globin: protein molecule with four polypeptide chains
heme: a ring with Fe3+ centre which can bind four oxygen molecules
what are the function of haemoglobin
~transport oxgen (oxyhaemoglobin)
~transport carbondioxide ( carbaminohaemoglobin)
~regulate blood flow and pressure
~maintain pH by accepting hydrogen ion due to the presence of histidine which is a basic amino acid
what is erythropoiesis
is a highly regulated multistep production of RBCs
list the stages of development in erthropoiesis
proerythroblast—basophilic erythroblasts—polychromatic erythroblasts—orthochromatic erythroblasts—polychromatic erythroblasts(reticulocytes)
define hypoxia
is a condition where cellular oxygen levels are lower than normal
what is the other name for spleen
red blood cells graveyard
how is iron transported in the blood
by transferrin protein Fe3+-transferrin complex
how is iron stored in the liver
in form of ferritin
