Blood and Blood Vessels (lesson nine)

Question 1

Blood Vessels

Answer 1

• You have an expansive network of tubes inside your body designed to transport blood to and from the body and lungs
• This network allows transport of materials to and from every cell in the body

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

• A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart towards the body tissues is called an artery
• a for away

Question 3

true or false
all arteries carry oxygenated blood

Answer 3

false
- Most of the time, arteries are therefore carrying oxygenated blood
- The one exception to this rule is your pulmonary artery because it carries deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the lungs

Question 4

where is the largest artery?

Answer 4

The largest artery in your body is the aorta, which is attached to your heat and branches off into all other arteries

Question 5

what are the three layers of tissue that arteries are made of

Answer 5

• An outer layer of connective tissue
• A middle layer of smooth muscle
• An inner layer of epithelial cells

Question 6

Arterioles

Answer 6

• As arteries branch off, they get smaller and smaller along the way these smaller vessels are called arterioles

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

• When an arteriole reaches the body tissue, it branches into the smallest vessels called capillaries, which connect the arteries with the veins
• These are the vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body
• They are often found in networks called capillary beds

Question 8

how thick are capillaries walls?

Answer 8

• The walls of capillaries are only one cell layer thick and wide

Question 9

Venules

Answer 9

• After the oxygen has diffused out of and the carbon dioxide has diffused into the blood, it needs to return to the heart and lungs
• After the capillary bed, it will enter small vessels called venules which will connect to larger vessels called veins

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

• Veins almost always carry deoxygenated blood away from the tissues and towards the heart
• Most veins contain valves that can open and close

Question 11

do veins always carry deoxygenated towards the heart?

Answer 11

The one exception is the pulmonary vein because it carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs and towards the heart (i.e. the left atrium)

Question 12

veins thickness?

Answer 12

• Veins have the same three-layer structure as arteries but have a thinner layer of muscle and a wider opening
• Valves and skeletal muscle contractions help the blood fight gravity and push back toward the heart

Question 13

Blood

Answer 13

• Its main function is to act as the fluid in our body’s transport system
• It has many other functions though, including being a key player in our body’s defence system

Question 14

Red Blood Cells shape

Answer 14

• Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are biconcave disk-shaped cell
• This cell shape is advantageous because it increases the surface area which allows for more gas exchange

Question 15

Red Blood Cells function

Answer 15

• Their main function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs
• Oxygen attaches to a special molecule called hemoglobin

Question 16

where are red blood cells formed?

Answer 16

• Red blood cells are formed in stem cells in the marrow of the vertebrae, ribs, breastbone, skull, and arm and leg bones
• After about 120 days in circulation, they will die and will be removed from the body by the liver or spleen

Question 17

White Blood Cells

Answer 17

• White blood cells, or leukocytes, are your body’s first line of defence against harmful bacteria, viruses and organisms
• These cells are also formed in the bone marrow

Question 18

phagocytosis

Answer 18

When leukocytes come across something they want to destroy, they engulf and destroy the target through a process called phagocytosis

Question 19

Platelets

Answer 19

• Platelets are small cell fragments that are also produced from stem cells in the bone marrow
• They are essential in the blood clotting
• When a blood vessel is broken, the platelets form a clot so that too much blood isn’t lost

Question 20

Plasma

Answer 20

• Plasma is a protein-rich liquid in which blood cells and platelets are suspended
• It is yellow and will rise to the top if you were to centrifuge a blood sample

Question 21

Blood Composition

Answer 21

• 55% Plasma
• 40-45% Red Blood Cells
• 0.7-1% White Blood Cells
• Less than 1% of Platelets

Question 22

Counting Blood Cells

Answer 22

A complete blood count, or CBC, is a blood test that measures many different parts and features of your blood, including Red blood cells, which carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.

Question 23

difference between a/b/ab/0 blood types?

Answer 23

• There are two markers: A and B. Type A blood has the A marker, and type B blood has the B marker.
• Individuals with both markers present have type AB blood and individuals
  with neither marker having type O blood.

Question 24

rhesus factor

Answer 24

The rhesus factor is an antigen on erythrocyte membranes that produces
an antibody reaction

Question 25

Blood Substitutes and Artificial Blood

Answer 25

Research has focused on two types of artificial blood: hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) andperfluorocarbon emulsions (PFCEs)