Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 1 > Blood and Lymphatic > Flashcards

Blood and Lymphatic Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How long can blood be stored at 4*C

A

35 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Plasma

A

the clear extra cellular fluid of blood, 90% water, proteins, and solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Hematocrit

A

percent of RBC’s to total blood volume (female- 37%-48%) (male- 45%-52%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does blood transport

A

hormones, wastes, O2 & CO2, heat, and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does blood protect

A

Destroys microbes/cancer cells (WBCs), neutralizes toxins, has a roll in inflammation, decreases blood loss (clotting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What role does the spleen play

A

stores iron, fights invading germs in the blood, filters blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does blood regulate

A

transfers water, stabilizes water balance, buffers acids and bases (stabilizes pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Blood’s viscosity

A

4.5-5.5 times thicker than water, mainly due to RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood’s osmolarity

A

280-296 m/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Serum

A

found in plasma. Plasma without clotting proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Albumin

A

smallest but most abundant protein in plasma. Responsible for blood colloid osmotic pressure. Changes in albumin greatly affect BP, blood flow, and fluid balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Globulins

A

used to transport hemoglobin from dead RBC’s, promotes clotting, and transport of molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Becomes fibrin, which starts a blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

the production of the formed elements of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

erythropoiesis

A

the process of making RBCs. The body can make 2.5 million per second. The first cell in the line is the proerythroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

normal hemoglobin levels

A

men- 13.5-17.5g/100mL, women- 12.0-15.5 g/100mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neutrophils

A

main bacteria killer during acute infection. Phagocytize bacteria and releases anti-microbial chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Eosinophils

A

Phagocytize Ag-Ab complexes (marked antigens) and help destroy parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Basophils

A

release serotonin, histamine, and heparin (increases inflammatory response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lymphocytes

A

t cells destroy cancer cells, foreign cells, and viral infected cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Monocytes

A

crucial in defense against viruses, associated with chronic infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hemostasis steps

A

Coagulation; platelet adhesion, platelet release reaction, platelet plug forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

extrinsic blood clotting mechanism

A

the factors needed to promote clotting come from the damaged vascular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
intrinsic blood clotting mechanism
the blood clotting factors come from the blood
26
What initiates the extrinsic mechanism
tissue factor (thromboplastin/ factor III), activates clotting factor X, which combines with clotting factor V to form prothrombinase (complete within seconds)
27
What initiates the intrinsic mechanism
damaged endothelial cells or platelets activate clotting factor XII which eventually activates clotting factor X
28
Clot Retraction
once the clot is formed, it starts to retract and pull the edges of the damaged vessel together
29
processes to prevent clotting
platelet repulsion- platelets done stick to an undamaged vessels endothelium, dilution- blood flow normally will prevent thrombin from acting on fibrinogen, anticoagulants- heparin stops clots from happening
30
antigens
A, b, AB, O- a combination of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. They help tell our body that this cell is us and not an antigen
31
antibodies
gamma globulins that are produced by the immune cells to tag antigens, proteins
32
agglutinogens
A and B glycolipids on the surface of RBC's (a, b, ab, and o antigens)
33
agglutinins
ab's that react to agglutinogens, found in plasma. (in anti-a and anti-b antibodies)
34
agglutination
a blood mismatch. An adverse reaction of donor blood to recipient blood; clumping together of RBC's via agglutinin interactions with agglutinogens
35
polycythemia
excess RBCs
36
anemia
decrease in RBCs or HB.
37
sickle-cell disease
a hereditary HB defect
38
nutritional anemia
dietary deficiency of any of the requirements for erythropoiesis. Specifically iron- iron-deficiency anemia
39
pernicious anemia
a deficiency of Hb synthesis. From decreased Vit. B12 ingestion or absorption
40
hemophilia
a sex linked recessive hereditary disease where the person is missing clotting factor VIII. Typically males get this
41
leukemia
a cancer of the hemopoietic tissue causing an increased number or leukocytes and leukocyte precursors
42
lymph
a usually clear fluid similar to blood plasma. it is the fluid that is not reabsorbed into blood at capillary beds. primarily water, ions, and plasma proteins
43
where are lymphatic vessels located
not in the CNS, throughout the rest of the body
44
lymphatic tissue/nodes
primarily reticular CT and are very helpful in cleansing lymph that is returned to the blood stream.
45
MALT
mucosa-associated-lymphatic-tissue. usually refers to the digestive mucosa, specifically called peyers patches, however the appendix and tonsils are included
46
functions of the Lymphatic and Immune system
draining excess interstitial fluid, transporting dietary lipids, and carrying out immune responses
47
lymphatic capillaries
they are larger and more permeable than blood vessels. They have a one-way valve system built into them, unlike blood capillaries
48
efferent lymphatic vessels
allow lymph to exit lymph nodes
49
afferent lymphatic vessels
channel lymph into a lymph node
50
neutrophils
wander CT phagocytizing bacteria
51
eosinophils
phagocytize Ag-Ab complexes. Release enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites
52
basophils
secrete histamine, heparin, bradykinin, serotonin, leukotrienes
53
lymphocytes
natural killer (NK) cells provide non-specific defense. They can kill our own cells that have become cancerous or virally infected
54
monocytes
differentiate into macrophages
55
signs of inflammation
swelling, redness, heat, pain
56
fever
creates an undesirable environment for Ag's
57
antigens
any molecule that triggers an immune response, can include: molecules like venom, or plasma membranes or bacteria
58
t-cells
guard against pathogens even though there was no prior exposure to the pathogen. They are born in the bone marrow with the other blood cells, however they mature in the thymus
59
primary response (IgM)
the body has not seen a particular Ag before. The body needs time to build up a response/defense. During this building up of Ab's to fight the Ag, is when you feel sick
60
secondary response (IgG)
the body has had prior exposure to the Ag and can build up a respond/defense very quickly. This happens so fast that we don't feel sick at all.

A&P 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions