Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

blood and nutrition > blood and nutrition > Flashcards

blood and nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is iron deficiency anaemia?

what is the common cause?

A

fewer red blood cells or less haemoglobin

iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what must you assess in a patient before giving iron treatment for iron deficiency anaemia?

A

rule out any other underlying causes of the anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

list some conditions that require iron prophylaxis

A 
malabsorption
pregnancy
menorrhagia [heavy period blood]
subtotal or total gastrectomy [stomach removal]
kidney dialysis pt [haemodialysis]
low birth weight infants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is commonly given for prophylaxis of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

ferrous sulphate 100-200mg daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
what is the content of ferrous iron in each of these preparations?
ferrous sulfate dried 200mg
ferrous fumarate 200mg
ferrous gluconate 300mg
ferrous sulphate 300mg
A

65mg
65mg
35mg
60mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are compound preparations and who is normally given these?

A

mixture of iron and folic acid

pregnant women at high risk of folic acid/iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when is parenteral iron given? [6]

A 
when oral route unsuccessful
pt does not like oral route 
chemotherapy induced anaemia
haemodyalysis patients
continuing blood loss
malabsorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

give some examples of parenteral iron

A

iron dextran
iron sucrose
ferric carboxymaltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the symptoms of iron deficiency? [8]

A 
tiredness
memory loss
brittle nails
hair loss/ hair losing its condition
struggling to concentrate
reduced ability to exercise
cuts or grazes taking long to heal
sore tongue/corners of mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the side effects of iron medication?

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, upper abdomen pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the counselling points for iron?

A

best absorbed on an empty stomach
take after food if having GI side effects
may discolour stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a G6PD deficiency?

who does it affect more

A

genetic disorder that causes destruction of red blood cells [haemolytic anaemia] when person takes certain drugs or eats fava beans

affects men more from africa, middle east, asia, oceania etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

list some drugs with DEFINITE risk of haemolysis in G6PD deficiency?

A

did not finish my quite special reliever

dapsone 
nitrofurantoin
fluroquinolones [ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin]
methylthionine chloride
quinolones [nalidixic acid]
sulphonamides eg co-trimoxazole
rasburicase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list some drugs with POSSIBLE risk of haemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A 
aspirin
sulfonylureas
chloroquine
quinine
naphthalene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is hydroxocobalamin injections used for?

how often are they given?

A

prophylaxis of anaemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency

every 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is megaloblastic anaemia

A

bone marrow produces large and structurally abnormal red blood cells
causes are folic acid/vitamin b12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who is folic acid given to?

A

given for folate deficiency anaemia

  • pregnant women
  • malnutrition
  • methotrexate
  • antiepileptic drugs
18
Q

why must folic acid be taken before and during pregnany?

A

to reduce neural tube defects

19
Q

/what is the dose for women at low risk of folate deficiency and women at high risk

A

low risk - 400mcg daily before conception and until week 12

high risk - 5mg daily until week 12

20
Q

which drugs treat anaemia associated with erythropoietin deficiency in chronic kidney injury?

A

epoetins

21
Q

what is sickle cell disease?

what is the treatment for it?

A

structurally deformed red blood cells - less flexible - delivers less oxygen to organs

hydroxycarbamide

22
Q

what are some chronic complications of sickle cell disease?

A

increased risk of infection, renal failure and skin ulcerations

23
Q

when is folinic acid given?

what is it given as?

A

for use with cytotoxic drugs, for folate deficiency megaloblastic anaemia

calcium foliate

24
Q

what are the side effects of magnesium?

what must you do if side effects occur?

A

diarrhoea

stop treatment and restart at lower dose bc side effects occur at higher doses

25
Q

what is wilsons disease and what is used to treat it?

A

inherited abnormality of zinc absorption

zinc supplements

26
Q

what conditions require total parenteral nutrition [TPN]?

A 
chemotherapy
radiation therapy
undernourished pt for surgery
major surgery
prolonged disorders of the GI tract
coma, trauma, refusal to eat etc
27
Q

what are special diets

A

special preparations which have been modified to eliminate particular constituent from a food eg gluten free

28
Q

list some things included in total parenteral nutrition

A 
amino acids
glucose
fat
vitamins
trace elements
electrolytes
29
Q

what is phenylketonuria [PKU]?

what are some complications?

A

pt has inability to metabolise phenylalanine [protein]

brain damage, epilepsy, mouldy smell to breath, tremors

30
Q

which drugs are unsafe in patients with acute porphyrias?

A 
sulfonylureas
triazole antifungals
antidepressant
hormonal contraception
sulphonamides
31
Q

what is the treatment of acute porphyria?

A

haem arginate IV infusion

32
Q

list some symptoms of acute porphyria

A 
red/brown urine
numbness/weakness/muscle pain
nausea 
vomiting
diarrhoea/constipation
abdominal pain
pain in chest/legs/back
33
Q

what organ is usually impaired if there is red/brown urine?

what organ is usually impaired if there is blood in stool?

A

kidneys

liver/intestine

34
Q

what conditions is vitamin A deficiency associated with?

A

occular defects and increased risk of infection

35
Q

what are used to treat vitamin B deficiency?

A

thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide

36
Q

what condition develops with extreme vitamin C deficiency?

A

scurvy

37
Q

what body functions does vitamin K help with?

what is given to treat vitamin K deficiency?

A

blood clotting factors

menadiol sodium phosphate

38
Q

what are neural tube defects and what are the main risk factors?

A

congenital defects caused by incomplete closure of neural tube within 28 days of conception [birth defects of spine]

risk factors: maternal folate deficiency, maternal vit b12 deficiency, smoking, obesity, antiepileptic drugs

39
Q

what is the important safety information related to parenteral iron?

A

serious hypersensitivity reactions

40
Q

what is the important safety advice with potassium chloride IV?

A

risk of fatal overdose

41
Q

what is the important safety information for pyridoxine [vitamin B6]

A

high doses increase risk of neuropathy

42
Q

what are is the important safety information for thiamine [B1]?

A

potential serious allergic reaction

blood and nutrition (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions