Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PharmEducate Notes > Blood And Nutrition > Flashcards

Blood And Nutrition Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is sickle cell crisis?

A

The infarction of blood vessels which obstruct blood supply to vital organs causing severe pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which supplement is required for sickle cell patients?

A

Folate to help erythropoiesis (making new blood cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency?

A

An inborn error of carb metabolism predisposing to haemolytic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Tiredness
Pallor - pale skin
SOB
Palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of conditions which require prophylaxis with iron?

A

Malabsorption diseases e.g. Crohn’s or Gastrectomy
Menorrhagia
Chronic renal failure; heamodialysis
Pregnancy
Low birth weight infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Patient counselling for iron?

A

Take with or after food (due to GI side effect - constipation and diarrhoea)

Take with a full glass of orange juice (vit C aids absorption)

Continue for 3 months after blood levels return to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common iron dose not for pregnancy?

A

Ferrous sulphate 200mg TDS for up to 3 months after levels return to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is parenteral iron required?

A

Chronic renal failure with haemodialysis
Malabsorption syndromes
Chemotherapy-induced anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MHRA alert for iv iron?

A

Serious anaphylactic reactions. Monitor patients for 30mins post dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which patient group should not be given IV iron?

A

Pregnant women especially in 1st trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If a patient has had a previous iron infusion, can they still develop hypersensitivity?

A

Yes therefore test doses not recommended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which vitamin is hydroxocobalamin?

A

Vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Numbness, tingling hands and feet, muscle weakness and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which route is used to treat malabsorption caused megaloblastic anaemia?

A

IM hydroxocobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When the type of megaloblastic anaemia is unknown can you give folic acid alone?

A

No - this can cause spinal neuropathy and should be given with vitamin b12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Megaloblastic anaemia is caused by folic acid anaemia but what is the treatment?

A

Folic acid for 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment for iron poisoning?

A

Desferrioxamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of neutropenia?

A

Filgrastim
(Can reduce the duration of chemotherapy induced neutropenia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal sodium levels?

A

133 - 146mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptoms of hypernatraemia

A

Convulsions
Hypovolaemia
Thirst
Dehydration
Oliguria
Postural hypotension
Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drugs that cause hypernatraemia?
(5 main ones)

A

Oral contraceptives
Corticosteroids
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium content in IV antibiotics
Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment of hypernatraemia when caused by volume depletion E.g. diabetes insipidis?

A

IV glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Symptoms of hyponatraemia?

A

Drowsiness
Confusion
Convulsions
Nausea and Vomiting
Headaches
Cramps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Drugs that can cause hyponatraemia?
(4 main ones)

A

Antidepressants
Loop and thiazide diuretics
Carbamazepine
Desmopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Treatment of severe hyponatraemia?
IV saline via a peripheral vein (Higher concentrations = central vein) Give slowly due to risk of osmotic demyelination
26
When is oral rehydration therapy used?
Diarrhoea
27
What electrolytes are found in rehydration therapy?
K+ Na+ Glucose
28
How long is ORS given for in diarrhoea?
Over 3-4 hours
29
How long is ORS given for hypernatraemia dehydration?
12 hours
30
What can be given in severe dehydration?
IV glucose to replace water deficit
31
What is metabolic acidosis?
Hyperchloraemia
32
Treatment of metabolic acidosis?
Sodium bicarbonate OR potassium bicarbonate if caused by low potassium
33
Normal calcium levels?
2.1 - 2.58mmol/L
34
Treatment of hypercalcamia?
Bisphosphonates and corticosteroids
35
Treatment of hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy?
Calcitonin
36
Which electrolyte can be effected by hyperparathyroidism?
Hypercalcaemia
37
Treatment of hypercalcaemia caused by hyperparathyroidism?
Cinalcet
38
Treatment of hypercalciuria?
Bendroflumethiazides
39
Treatment of mild-moderate hypocalcaemia?
Vit D and calcium supplements
40
Treatment of moderate-severe hypocalcaemia?
Slow IV calcium gluconate (Rapid infusion can cause arrhythmias)
41
Normal magnesium levels?
0.7 - 1.05mmol/L
42
Which electrolyte disturbance is common in alcoholics?
Hypomagnesaemia
43
Impact of Hypomagnesaemia on other electrolytes?
Makes everything else go down too: Hypocalcaemia Hypokalaemia Hyponatraemia
44
Treatment of Hypomagnesaemia?
IV/IM magnesium sulphate
45
Treatment of hyperphosphataemia?
Calcium-containing preparations
46
Treatment of hypophosphataemia?
Phosphate IV if moderate - severe
47
Normal potassium levels?
3.5 - 5.3mmol/L
48
Symptoms of hyperkalaemia?
Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest
49
Drugs that can cause hyperkalaemia?
“HAD BEANS” Heparin, ACE/ARB, Digoxin, Beta blockers, Eplenerone, Amiloride, NSAIDs, Spironolactone
50
Treatment of mild-moderate hyperkalaemia with no ECG changes?
Calcium resonium
51
Treatment of acute-severe hyperkalaemia >6.5mmol/L?
Slow IV calcium gluconate Adjunct can include IV insulin, glucose, and salbutamol
52
Symptoms of hypokalaemia?
Muscle hypotonia and arrhythmias
53
Drugs that cause hypokalaemia?
“CD BIT” Diuretics, insulin, b2 agonists, theophylline, corticosteroids
54
Treatment of mild hypokalaemia?
Oral slow potassium chloride Or potassium sparing diuretic if diuretic cause
55
Treatment of severe hypokalaemia?
IV potassium chloride
56
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
ADEK
57
Which vitamins are water soluble?
B and C
58
Which vitamin should be avoided in pregnancy?
Vitamin A (also found in cod liver oil or liver pates)
59
How long should folic acid be given in pregnancy?
Straight away once trying to conceive and up to 12 weeks into pregnancy
60
How long should folic acid be given in pregnancy in a patient with sickle cell?
The entire duration of pregnancy
61
Interaction between vitamin E and warfarin?
Increased risk of bleeding
62
What foods provide vitamin K?
Green leafy vegetables

PharmEducate Notes (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions