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Biology Mocks study > Blood and Organs - Unit 4 (2/2) > Flashcards

Blood and Organs - Unit 4 (2/2) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bloods 4 main components

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

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2
Q

what do red blood cells transport

A

Transport oxygen from the lungs to cells in the body

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3
Q

what is the oxygen in the red blood cells used for

A

The oxygen is used for aerobic respiration

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4
Q

word equation for red blood cells

A

Glucose + oxygen → Carbon dioxide + water

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5
Q

where does aerobic respiration occur

A

Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria, and is very efficient, releasing more energy than anaerobic respiration (respiration without oxygen)

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6
Q

what are white blood cells

A

they are part of your immune system

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7
Q

2 type of white blood cells

A

phagocytes and lymphocytes

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8
Q

what do the white blood cells do

A

defend your body againt pathogens

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9
Q

what is a pathogen

A

a microorganism that causes disease

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10
Q

what color is plasma

A

a yellow fluid

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11
Q

what does plasma do

A

Plasma carries the substances in your blood

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12
Q

what substances does plasma carry

A

white blood cells, red blood cells and plateles

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13
Q

what is urea

A

Urea is a waste product which is transported from the liver where it is produced to the kidneys where it is removed in urine

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14
Q

what does plasma transport

A

carbon dioixde, glucos, amino acids, urea & hormones

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15
Q

give an adaptation of red blood cells

A

biconcave shape to give a large surface area

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16
Q

give another adaptation of red blood cells

A

contain haemoglobin

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17
Q

give another adaptation of red blood cells

A

no nucleus

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18
Q

what do phagocytes do

A

phagocytes lets thing that are forbidden in the body such as pathogens

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19
Q

what do lymphocytes do

A

lymphocytes destroy specific pathogens, by recognisizing antigens

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20
Q

what do lymphocytes produce

A

they produce anti bodies

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21
Q

how many septums is the heart devided into

A

two diffrent septums

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22
Q

what does the right side of the heart do

A

the right side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs

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23
Q

what type of blood passes through the right side of the heart

A

deoxygenated

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24
Q

what do the left side of the heart do

A

the left side of the heart pumps blood into the body

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25
Q

what type of blood passing through the left side of the heart is

A

oxygenated

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26
Q

what wall is thicker the left or right side

A

left side

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27
Q

what does the aorta do

A

delvers oxygentated blood to the whole body. carries the blood at high preassures

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28
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do

A

it takes deoxygentaed blood to the lungs

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29
Q

vena cava

A

bring back deoxygenated blood from the body

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30
Q

pulmonary vein

A

the pulmonary vein brings back oxygenated from the lungs

31
Q

why does the the left ventricle have thicker walls

A

it needs more muscle because it has to pump blood around the whole body

32
Q

where does the vena cave take blood to

A

body to heart

33
Q

where does the aorta take blood to

A

heart to body

34
Q

where does the pulmonary artery take blood to

A

heart to lungs

35
Q

where does the hepatic artery take blood to

A

to the liver

36
Q

where does the hepatic vein take blood to

A

away from the liver

37
Q

where does the hepatic portal vein take blood to

A

gut to liver

38
Q

where does the renal artery take blood to

A

to the kidneys

39
Q

where does the renal vien take blood to

A

from kidneys

40
Q

give 3 types of blood vessels

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

41
Q

what do the arteries do

A

carry blood away from heart

42
Q

what do viens do

A

carry blood back to heart

43
Q

what do capillaries do

A

where exchange of materials between blood/tissues occur

44
Q

do arteries have thick or thin walls

A

arteries have thick muscular walls

45
Q

why do they have thick muscular walls

A

this is because they need to transport blood at high pressures around the body

46
Q

what type of walls do veins have

A

thin walls

47
Q

and what type of lumen

A

wider lumen

48
Q

why do veins have valves

A

veins have valved to prevent the backflow of blood

49
Q

describe capillaries

A

capillaries are much smalled they carry blood lose to every cell

50
Q

what happens during exercise

A

during excercise muscles require more energy, more respiration and most importantly more oxygen is requiered and co2 needs to be removed

51
Q

what is adrenaline

A

Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands when an organism feels threatened.

52
Q

what is a hormone

A

a hormone is a chemical produced by a gland which travels in the blood

53
Q

how to measure your heart rate

A

place finger on neck or wrist and count the number of beats in 1 minute

54
Q

what is CHD

A

CHD is short for coronary heart disease

55
Q

when does CHD occur

A

CHD occurs when the coronary arteries which supply the heart with oxygenated blood gets blocked

56
Q

how is CHD caused

A

its cause by a build up of fatty deposits in the arteries

57
Q

What happens to the arteries when you have CHD

A

this causes the arteries to become narrower

58
Q

what factors may cause CHD

A

A risk factor includes smoking, lack of excercise and a diet high in fat

59
Q

what does a build up of fatty deposits mean

A

a build of fatty deposits means that the heart muscle recieves less blood, therefore less oxygen.

60
Q

what heppens when you recieve less oxygen

A

when the heart musscles recieve less oxygen it redueces aerobic respiration so muscle cells have to respire anaerobically

61
Q

how can CHD be treated

A

CHD gets treated with stents, which open up the coronary arteries

62
Q

what happens to babies born with a hole in the heart (septum)

A

this means oxygenated blood from the left side and deoxygenated blood can mic meaning less oxygen will be transported around the babies body, it automatically leads to less respiration, so less energy available for growth. it could also mean that the cells would die

63
Q

give 3 excretory products

A

urea, carbon dioxide, and waste products in sweat

64
Q

what organs remove urea, carbon dioxide, and waste products in sweat

A

kidneys, lungs, skin

65
Q

what is urea

A

urea is a waste product from excess amino acids

66
Q

where is urea produced

A

in the liver

67
Q

what is the excretory organ for urea

A

kidneys

68
Q

what is carbon dioxide

A

carbon dioxide is an excretory product from respiration

69
Q

where is carbon dioxide produced in cells

A

carbon dioxide is produced in cells and are transported to the lungs in the plasma in th e
blood

70
Q

what is the excretory organ for carbon dioxide

A

the lungs

71
Q

how is the skin an excretory organ

A

The skin is an excretory organ because when we sweat our skin removes products which is mainly water

72
Q

what can sweat do

A

Sweat can also help us cool down when we are hot, we sweat more which evaporated from the skin

73
Q

where are waste products from respiration and photosynthesis removed from?

A

through the stomata

Biology Mocks study (5 decks)

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