Blood Banking/Products Flashcards
(32 cards)
Composition of Blood
- mostly plasma and RBCs
- WBCs 3% and platelets 1%
Indications for Fresh Frozen Plasma
- vitamin K deficiency
- warfarin toxicity
- massive blood loss
- DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulopathy)
- multiple coagulation problems due to liver failure
Indications for Platelets
- thrombocytopenia (<10,000 if asymptomatic)
- massive blood loss
Indications for PRBCs
- hemodynamically unstable
- leukemic processes
- hemolytic anemia
- other anemias
- increase in O2 carrying capacity
- surgical or traumatic blood loss
Volume of 1 unit of PRBCs
250 mL
Presentation of Patient Needing PRBCs (signs, sxs)
- high pulse and RR
- HoTN
- low O2 sats
- dizziness, weakness
- angina
- altered mental status
What is albumin used for?
- not used often
- burn pts b/c they have lost a lot of fluid
What does albumin do when given to a patient?
-brings osmotic pressure of intra and extravascular space back to normal in hypovolemia and hyperproteinemia
What surface antigens and antibodies are present in type O blood?
- no surface antigen
- anti-A and anti-B antibodies
What surface antigens and antibodies are present in type A blood?
- A surface antigen
- anti-B antibody
What surface antigens and antibodies are present in type B blood?
- B surface antigen
- anti-A antibody
What surface antigens and antibodies are present in type AB blood?
- A and B surface antigens
- no antibodies
What is type and screen compatibility testing?
- recipient’s blood tested for its type
- also screened for atypical antibodies (Kell, Duffy, Lewis, MN, etc)
What is type and crossmatch compatibility testing?
- recipient’s blood tested for its type
- also screened for atypical antibodies (Kell, Duffy, Lewis, MN, etc)
- mix together sample of recipient and donor blood to look for agglutination (agglutination = BAD, no agglutination = compatible)
What is the universal donor for RBC?
O negative blood
What is the universal donor for FFP?
type AB
What causes hemolytic transfusion reactions?
ABO incompatibility
How do hemolytic transfusion reactions present?
- donor RBCs are lysed and contents get into bloodstream and kidneys = damage
- acute kidney failure
- acute tubular necrosis
- shock
- DIC
Treatment for Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
- EMERGENCY
- STOP transfusion
- maintain airway
- start saline IV
What causes febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions?
-interleukins and TNF alpha
How do febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions present?
- fever
- chills
- rigor
- mild dyspnea
Treatment for Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
- stop transfusion
- Tylenol and/or Benadryl
- symptomatic tx
What causes delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
- atypical antibodies present in recipient
- occurs 2-10 days post-transfusion
How do delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions present?
- less severe than acute reactions
- falling hematocrit
- slight fever
