Blood Basics

Question 1

3 types of blood cells

Answer 1

red blood cells,
white blood cells,
platelets

Question 2

Where are blood cells produced (Haematopoiesis) in mature adult?

Answer 2

stem cells in bone marrow

Question 3

Where is blood produced in embryo?

Answer 3

yolk sac then liver then marrow, also spleen from month 3 to month 7

Question 4

Where is blood produced at birth?

Answer 4

bone marrow, liver and spleen when needed

Question 5

All bones contain bone marrow. T/f?

Answer 5

False - haumatopoeisis restricted to skull, ribs, sternum, pelvis, proximal ends of femur (axial skeleton) in mature adult

Question 6

In children the active bone marrow sites are the same as in adults. T/F?

Answer 6

False - bone marrow active sites retreat to axial skeletons in adults

Question 7

Approximately how many red cells, neutrophils and platelets are produced per minute?

Answer 7

Approx. 100 million red cells,
60million neutrophils,
150 million platelets

Question 8

Why do most stem cells remain in a quiescent state?

Answer 8

Because try to preserve themselves because more reproduction means higher chance of problems occurring

Question 9

Describe the concept of the haematopoietic tree

Answer 9

Stem cells come in different types, differentiate down into different types to eventually become different types of stem cells which then differentiate into different types of blood cells

Question 10

Blood cells can only be differentiated as they develop into the mature version of the cell and cell size drops. It is much harder to tell when they are in stem cell division stages. T/F?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What happens in the last stage of maturation in erythropoiesis?

Answer 11

Nucleus removal

Question 12

What happens in platelet formation that is different to the other blood cell formation?

Answer 12

Nucleus divides and multiplies but cell doesn’t divide like other blood cell formation, instead little pockets of big cytoplasm bud off and become platelets

Question 13

On what cell does budding occur in the process of making red blood cells?

Answer 13

Megakaryocyte

Question 14

What are 2 basic roles of red cells?

Answer 14

Carry oxygen,

buffer CO2

Question 15

What is basic role of platelets?

Answer 15

Coagulation

Question 16

What are 2 basic roles of white cells?

Answer 16

Fight infection,

cancer prevention

Question 17

Name the 3 types of granulocytes?

Answer 17

Eosinophils, (red staining)
basophils, (blue staining)
neutrophils

Question 18

What is most numerous white cell in blood stream?

Answer 18

Neutrophils

Question 19

Why are neutrophils sometimes called polymorphs?

Answer 19

Because have segmented nucleus and so come in lots of different shapes

Question 20

Function of neutrophils? (2)

Answer 20

Immediate defence cells by phagocytosing invader cells by granule contents or taking them up, die in process,
attract other cells

Question 21

Lifespan of neutrophils?

Answer 21

very short - hours to 1 day

Question 22

When neutrophils increased? (3)

Answer 22

infection,
trauma,
infarction

Question 23

Eosinphils nucleus shape?

Answer 23

bi-lobed

Question 24

Function of eosinophils? (2)

Answer 24

fight parasitic infections,

involved in hypersensitivity

Question 25

Patients with what conditions may have elevated eosinophils?

Answer 25

Allergic conditions e.g. asthma or atopic rhinitis

Question 26

Basophils are infrequent. T/F?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Basophils appearance?

Answer 27

often can't see nucleus, granules stain purple

Question 28

Basophils role?

Answer 28

Not sure but acts as a circulating version of tissue mast cell, some role in hypersensitivity cos have IgE receptors and histamine in granules

Question 29

Monocyte appearance? (3)

Answer 29

Large single nucleus, faintly staining granules, often vacuolated

Question 30

Monocytes lifeplan?

Answer 30

circulate for a week and enter tissues to become macrophages

Question 31

Function of monocytes? (3)

Answer 31

phagocytose invaders - killing them and presenting antigen to lymphocytes, attract other cells, modulate immune reactions

Question 32

Neutrophils live longer than monocytes. T/F?

Answer 32

False - monocytes live much longer

Question 33

Mature lymphocytes appearance?

Answer 33

Small condensed nucleus with rim of cytoplasm

Question 34

Activated lymphocytes appearance?

Answer 34

Large with lots of blue cytoplasm, nucleus more open

Question 35

types of lymphocytes? (3)

Answer 35

B cells, T cells, NK cells

Question 36

B cell function

Answer 36

humoral immunity (antibodies)

Question 37

T cell function

Answer 37

cell-mediated immunity, | regulatory function

Question 38

Which lymphocyte is involved in fighting viral infections

Answer 38

T cells