BLOOD CELL

Question 1

Which stem cell are all blood cells derived from?

Answer 1

• Haematopoietic stem cell in bone marrow

Question 2

What two streams does the haematopoietic stem cell give rise to?

Answer 2

• Common lymphoid progenitor

- Common myeloid progenitor

Question 3

Which types of blood cells does the common myeloid progenitor cell give rise to?

Answer 3

• Megakaryocyte
• Erythrocyte
• Mast cell
• Myeloblast

Question 4

What does the Megakaryocyte give rise to?

Answer 4

• Platelets

Question 5

What does the myeloblast give rise to?

Answer 5

• Basophil
• Neutrophil
• Eosinophil
• Monocyte

Question 6

What does a monocyte give rise to?

Answer 6

• Macrophage

Question 7

What does a common lymphoid progenitor give rise to?

Answer 7

• Natural Killer Cells

- Small lymphocytes (B + T)

Question 8

What will the centre of a RBC stain as? (pale or dark)

Answer 8

• Pale in the centre

Question 9

What shape are RBCs?

Answer 9

Biconcave

Question 10

What does the lac of nuclei and organelles allow for in RBCs?

Answer 10

• Increased haemoglobin content + gas carrying capacity

Question 11

Which substances help platelets with the clotting process?

Answer 11

• Calcium
• Vitamin K
• Fibrinogen (protein)

Question 12

What are the 5 leukocytes?

Answer 12

Basophil
Eosinophil
Nuetrophil
Monocyte 
Lymphocytes

Question 13

What is the definition of leukocytes?

Answer 13

• White blood cells of the immune system originating from precursors in bone marrow

Question 14

What are the polymorphonuclear leukocytes?

Answer 14

• Basophil
• Eosinophil
• Neutrophil

Question 15

What does poilymorphonuclear mean?

Answer 15

• Segmented nuclei (multiple nuclei appearance)

- have granules

Question 16

Where are neutrophils normally found (in body) and what are they attracted to?

Answer 16

• Found in circulation

- Attracted to sites of injury and infection

Question 17

What is the process of margination?

Answer 17

• Where neutrophils adhere to vessel walls

Question 18

What do the azurophillic granules (in neutrophils) do?

Answer 18

Release contents to phagosomes which lowers pH –> kills both bacteria and neutrophil

Question 19

What are the granules of eosinophils like and what compound do they contain?

Answer 19

• Granules are acidophillic and red/orange in colour

- Contain Major Basic Protein (MBP)

Question 20

What is MBP (in eosinophils) toxic to?

Answer 20

• Parisitic larvae

Question 21

What is the general function of eosinophils?

Answer 21

• Allergic responses and parasites

Question 22

What are basophils distinguished by?

Answer 22

• Prominent dark blue granules

Question 23

What are two things that the granules in basophils contain?

Answer 23

• Histamine

- Heparin

Question 24

What is the general function of basophils?

Answer 24

• Response to external antigen

- Immediate like in asthma, hay fever and anaphylaxis

Question 25

Of the leukocytes, what are the polymorphonuclear granulocytes?

Answer 25

- Neutrophils - Eosinophils - Basophils

Question 26

Of the leukocytes, which are the Mononuclear cells?

Answer 26

- Monocytes | - Lymphocytes

Question 27

What do monocytes become?

Answer 27

- tissue macrophages | - remove cellular debris

Question 28

What are monocytes classified by?

Answer 28

- Cytoplasm contains lots of lysosomal granules | - " has a uniform greyish blue ground-glass appearance"

Question 29

Can neutrophils regenerate their lysosomal granules? -

Answer 29

- NO! (but monocytes can)

Question 30

How are lymphocytes classified?

Answer 30

- Deeply staining nucleus with small amount of cytoplasm

Question 31

Can the physical appearance of T and B cells be distinguished from each other in routine smears ?

Answer 31

NO!

Question 32

What technique can be used to determine the difference between a T and B cell?

Answer 32

- Flow Cytometry