Blood Chapter 19

Question 1

WHOLE BLOOD

Answer 1

FLUID PLASMA
AND
FORMED ELEMENTS

Question 2

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

Answer 2

Transport
Regulation
Diffusion
Restricting fluid losses at injury site
Defending against Toxins and Pathogens.
Stabilizing Body Temperature.

Question 3

How does blood works as a transport?

Answer 3

Transport OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, NUTRIENTS
From my meals, metabolic waste so I can go
Thru excrete process, and HORMONES
DELIVERS ANTIBODIES, PROTEINS.

Question 4

EXPLAIN HOW BLOOD WORKS AS A REGULATOR

(REGULATION)

Answer 4

Regulates Ph, Ions, and Interstitial fluid
the interstitial fluid is fluid that bathing my cells,
my blood has a connection with that.
I will have exchange with what ever is in the interstitial fluid what ever is on my blood exchange somethings may leave the blood other things may leave interstitial part of my body

Question 5

How does blood act as a Restricting Fluid Losses?

Answer 5

Enzymes in blood and other substances that response
To breaks in blood vessels wall, initiate process of clotting
Blood acts as a temporary patch prevents further blood loss

Question 6

HOW DOES BLOOD WORKS AS “DEFENDING AGAINST

TOXINS AND PATHOGENS”

Answer 6

BLOOD IS A DEFENSE MECHANISM
IN BLOOD I HAVE WBC (fight infections )
If WBC is to high my body is trying to fight something

Question 7

BLOOD STABILIZING BODY TEMPERATURE

Answer 7

BLOOD ABSORBS HEAT GENERATED BY ACTIVE SKELETAL MUSCLES AND
SHIFT IT TO OTHER TISSUES.

                          Example: Body temp. To high heat will loss across surface of skin
                                           Body temp.  To low warm blood is sent to the brain and to 
                                                                  Other temperature sensitive organs.

Question 8

PLASMA PROTEINS IN BLOOD

Answer 8

FIBRINOGEN —–HELPS CLOTTING
4% OF THESE PROTEIN IN PLASMA

                        ALBUMINS    ----- OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF PLASMA 60% MOST ABUNDANT
                                                          OSMOTIC ANOTHER WORD "MAINTAIN BALANCE"
                        GLOBULINS. -----  ANTIBODIES & TRANSPORT GLOBULINS 35%

Question 9

FORMED ELEMENTS FOUND IN WHOLE BLOOD

Answer 9

PLATELETS
ERYTHROCYTES (RBC)
WHITE BLOOD CELLS, (WBC) or Leukocytes

                 FYI: WBC
        (BENLM) : BASOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, NEUTROPHILS, LYMPHOCYTES, MONOCYTES)

Question 10

WHOLE BLOOD IS MADE OUT OF FIVE ELEMENTS

Answer 10

1. PLASMA PROTEINS. (ALBUMINS, GLOBULINS, FIBRINOGEN)
   2. OTHER SOLUTES. ( ORGANIC NUTRIENTS, ELECTROLYTES, ORGANIC WASTE
   3. PLATELETS
   4. WHITE BLOOD CELLS
   5. RED BLOOD CELLS

Question 11

HEMOPOIESIS

Answer 11

THE PROCESS THAT PRODUCES FORMED ELEMENTS
(RBC, WBC, PLATELETS)
MYELOID AND LYMPHOID STEM CELLS

Question 12

HEMATOCRIT
OR
PACKED CELL VOLUME

Answer 12

THE PERCENTAGE (%) OF FORMED ELEMENTS IN
                                          A SAMPLE OF BLOOD.

Question 13

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF HEMATOCRIT
OR PACKED CELL VOLUME
ADULT MALE AND FEMALE

Answer 13

ADULT MALE: 46
MALE HORMONE “ ANDROGENS”
STIMULATE RBC PRODUCTION

                      ADULT FEMALE 42
                      ESTROGENS DO NOT.

Question 14

HYPOXIA

Answer 14

LOW OXYGEN LEVELS on blood

IN MY TISSUES

Question 15

LEUKOCYTOSIS

Answer 15

INCREASE OF LYMPHOCYTES (WBC)

                                                     DUE TO INFECTION

Question 16

LEUKOPENIA

Answer 16

LOW NUMBER OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS COUNT

Question 17

WHY IS ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)

BENEFICIAL?

Answer 17

is a glycol protein made by the Kidney and liver.
Erythropoietin is release during anemia, oxygen content in the lungs is low due to high altitude disease, and release when blood flow to kidney declined, parts of lungs are damage
Once is on blood stream Travels to the red Bone Marrow and stimulates the stem cells and developing RBC
Two major effects
Speed up maturation of red blood cell
Stimulates cell division rates in erythroblast and in stem cell that produce erythroblast

Question 18

THREE REASONS WHY HEMOGLOBIN IS IMPORTANT

Answer 18

1. MAKE UP 95 PERCENT AND MORE OF PROTEINS IN RBC
   2. RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL ABILITY TO TRANSPORT OXYGEN & CO2
   3. SINGLE MOLECULE OF HEME PROTEIN HOLD IRON ION
   SO IRON CAN INTERACT WITH OXYGEN MOLECULE

Question 19

WHY IS NITRIC OXIDE IMPORTANT?

Check withLina

Answer 19

A MOLECULE THAT THE BODY PRODUCES
TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER
BY TRANSMITTING SIGNALS THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
NITRIC OXIDE IS IMPORTANT: HELP MEMORY, REDUCE INFLAMMATION
REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE, IMPROVE SLEEP, HELP GASTRIC MOBILITY

Question 20

Explain the formation and destruction of red blood cells and recycling
Of hemoglobin components. Fig 19-4

Answer 20

RBC is formed in the Bone Marrow as baby they have a nucleus and hemoglobin, as it matures looses it Nucleus RBC is release to blood stream where it leaves for 120 releases Heme this heme goes to Kidney were is release by Urine. RBC prior to enter Macrophages in Spleen heme contains Iron ions changes into Biliverdin exiting the Spleen changes to Bilirubin is bound to Albumin as is release into the blood stream. Moves down to liver were it gets Excreted by the bile. Some of Heme goes into Kidney gets eliminated by Urine
Large Intestine where Bacteria changes Bilirubin to UROBILINS and Stercobilins, it gives feces yellow/brown color urobilins are eliminated in feces. Some Urobilins are absorbed by the blood stream to the Kidney where gets eliminated by Urine, heme on blood stream enters Kidne

Question 21

HEMOSTASIS

Answer 21

HAIMA = BLOOD
STASIS = HALT

                                                     THE STOPPAGE OF BLEEDING

Question 22

LIST THE THREE STAGES OF CLOTTING

Answer 22

A. EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
B. INTRINSIC PATHWAY
C. COMMON PATHWAY