Blood Chapter 19 Vocabulary

Question 1

Erythrocytes

Answer 1

RBC 4-6 million cells

Question 2

Hemoglobin

Answer 2

Protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group. (what makes your blood red)

Question 3

Hematocrit

Answer 3

The percentage by volume of red cells in your blood.

Question 4

Transferrin

Answer 4

A protein of the beta globulin group which binds and transports iron in blood serum.

Question 5

Erythropoietin

Answer 5

Simulates RBCs production (made in the kidney)

Question 6

Agglutination

Answer 6

When RBCS or bacteria in a liquid collect into clumps (a reaction)

Question 7

Bilirubin

Answer 7

Yellowish pigment that is made during the breakdown of RBC.
Passes through the liver and excreted out
Formed from heme

Question 8

Leukocytes

Answer 8

WBCs4800-10800

Question 9

Granulocyte

Answer 9

Have small granules that are released to kill infections.

Question 10

Phagocyte

Answer 10

A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

Question 11

Basophils

Answer 11

Allergic reactions
Excrete Heparin for blood clotting and histamine to reduce inflammation
Least common
(Granulocyte)

Question 12

Neutrophils

Answer 12

WBC
Matured ones are 1st to arrive at the infection site
Effective against bacteria and fungus.
Releases enzymes to kill pathogens
Less mature ones are called band cells. An increased number of band cells is called a left shift this indicates an infection.
(Granulocyte and Phagocytic)

Question 13

Monocytes

Answer 13

Travels through the blood to tissues where it becomes a macrophage.
Kills fungi and infections.
Largest WBC
(Phagocyte)

Question 14

Killer Cells

Answer 14

In the lymphoid tissue
Potent killers of virus-infected cells and cancer cells
Release cytokines
Help mobilizes T and B cells

Question 15

Eosinophils

Answer 15

WBC
Neutralizes histamine in allergic reactions Great for parasitic infections
Too much can cause tissue damage (Granulocyte and Phagocytic)

Question 16

Lymphocyte

Answer 16

WBC with the most vertebrate
3 types Natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. Main type of cell found in lymph

Question 17

T Cells

Answer 17

Dervied from the thymus. (T=Thymus)Provies cellur immunity Recongize material as forgein. Is good when it destorys tumor cells, is bad when it rejects organs (from a transplant)

Question 18

B cells

Answer 18

Humoral immunity differentiates and becomes plamsa cells which produce antbodies called immungobluins.B memory cells that help body remeber pervous pathogens

Question 19

Thrombocytes

Answer 19

Platelets150,000-400,000

Question 20

Coagulation

Answer 20

Process of a liquid, especially blood, changing to a solid or semi-solid state. (blood clotting)

Question 21

Fibrinogen

Answer 21

Protein produced by the liver.
Turns into fibrin
Helps stop bleeding by helping blood clots form.

Question 22

Prothrombin

Answer 22

Inactive precursor that is converted to thrombin during coagulation

Question 23

Thrombin

Answer 23

Enzyme in plasma that causes blood clotting by converting fibrinogen to fibrin.

Question 24

Albumins

Answer 24

Protein made by liver, helps the body maintain intravascular colloid osmotic pressure, neutralize toxins, and transport therapeutic agents.

Question 25

Globulins

Answer 25

Made in your liver by your immune system. Globulins play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection

Question 26

Immunoglobulin

Answer 26

Also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction.

Question 27

Vascular spasm

Answer 27

Narrowing of the arteries caused by a persistent contraction of the blood vessels. This narrowing can reduce blood flow.

Question 28

Heme

Answer 28

Precursor to hemoglobin. Biosynthesized in bone marrow and liver.

Question 29

Intrinsic Pathway

Answer 29

Intrinsic to the blood. Depends on factors inside the blood. Activated by internal trauma

Question 30

Extrinsic Pathway

Answer 30

Depends on factors from outside the blood. Activated by external trauma

Question 31

Common Pathway

Answer 31

Results from merging extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.