blood circulary System

Question 1

What is the blood circulatory system?

Answer 1

It is a transport system in animals that carries large volumes of fluid to all parts of the organism and transports substances to and from all parts of the body.

Question 2

What are the components of the blood circulatory system?

Answer 2

It is composed of a medium (blood), a system of tubes (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and a pump (heart).

Question 3

What role does the heart play in the circulatory system?

Answer 3

The heart provides pressure to keep the fluid moving through the tubes.

Question 4

What are capillaries in the circulatory system?

Answer 4

Capillaries are sites of exchange that allow substances carried by the blood to reach the cells in all tissues.

Question 5

What is plasma?

Answer 5

Plasma is a clear yellow liquid that is mostly water with substances dissolved in it.

Question 6

What substances are found in plasma?

Answer 6

Plasma contains products of digestion, mineral ions, waste products of metabolism (like carbon dioxide and urea), plasma proteins (like antibodies and fibrinogen), hormones (like insulin and adrenaline), glucose, amino acids, and vitamins.

Question 7

What are the functions of red blood cells?

Answer 7

Red blood cells transport oxygen (O2) to all cells in the body.

Question 8

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 8

White blood cells fight diseases.

Question 9

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 9

Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

Question 10

What is plasma?

Answer 10

A clear yellow liquid that is mostly water with various substances dissolved.

Question 11

What substances are dissolved in plasma?

Answer 11

Products of digestion absorbed in the ileum, mineral ions, waste products of metabolism (carbon dioxide, urea), plasma proteins (antibodies, fibrinogen), hormones (insulin, adrenaline), glucose, amino acids, vitamins.

Question 12

What percentage of blood volume does plasma constitute?

Answer 12

55% of blood volume.

Question 13

What are the components of blood?

Answer 13

Plasma, white blood cells and platelets, red blood cells.

Question 14

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 14

Transport O2 from lungs to tissues.

Question 15

What is the function of white blood cells (phagocyte)?

Answer 15

Engulf pathogens through phagocytosis.

Question 16

What is the function of white blood cells (lymphocyte)?

Answer 16

Make antibodies.

Question 17

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 17

Blood clotting.

Question 18

What adaptations do red blood cells have?

Answer 18

Contain haemoglobin that binds to O2, lack a nucleus, are small and flexible, and have a biconcave shape.

Question 19

What adaptations do phagocytes have?

Answer 19

Digestive enzymes in cytoplasm and sensitive cell membranes to detect pathogens.

Question 20

What adaptations do lymphocytes have?

Answer 20

Large endoplasmic reticulum for exporting proteins (antibodies).

Question 21

What adaptations do platelets have?

Answer 21

Fragile structure that breaks to release clotting enzymes.

Question 22

Where are all blood cells made?

Answer 22

In the interior of some bones, specifically the bone marrow.

Question 23

What is the primary function of platelets?

Answer 23

Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

Question 24

Where are all blood cells made?

Answer 24

All blood cells are made in the interior of some bones, specifically in the bone marrow.

Question 25

What are the types of white blood cells?

Answer 25

The types of white blood cells include Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil, and Neurophil.

Question 26

What are stem cells?

Answer 26

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that divide by mitosis to produce specialized cells.

Question 27

What is a blood stem cell?

Answer 27

A blood stem cell is found in bone marrow and can differentiate into various blood cells.

Question 28

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 28

Hemoglobin is a protein that contains an iron atom and is red in color.

Question 29

What does hemoglobin do in the lungs?

Answer 29

Hemoglobin combines with oxygen in places where the O2 concentration is high, such as in the lungs.

Question 30

What happens to oxygen in the tissues?

Answer 30

Hemoglobin releases oxygen in places where the O2 concentration is low, such as in the tissues.

Question 31

What is the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Answer 31

Blood coming out of the lungs is oxygenated, while blood coming out of the tissues is deoxygenated.

Question 32

What is a myeloblast?

Answer 32

A type of immature blood cell that develops into a myeloid lineage.

Question 33

What is a lymphoblast?

Answer 33

A type of immature blood cell that develops into a lymphoid lineage.

Question 34

What are the main types of blood cells?

Answer 34

Red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells.

Question 35

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 35

A protein that contains an iron atom and is red. It combines with oxygen in high concentration areas like the lungs and releases it in low concentration areas like the tissues.

Question 36

What is the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Answer 36

Blood coming out of the lungs is oxygenated, while blood coming out of the tissues is deoxygenated.

Question 37

What are the components of the circulatory system?

Answer 37

Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), heart, and valves.

Question 38

What is the function of blood vessels?

Answer 38

They are a series of tubes that transport blood.

Question 39

What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?

Answer 39

It pumps to force the flow of blood.

Question 40

What do valves do in the circulatory system?

Answer 40

They produce a one-way flow of blood.

Question 41

Describe the flow of blood in the circulatory system.

Answer 41

Blood flows from the heart to arteries, to capillaries, to veins, and then back to the heart.

Question 42

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 42

Arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Question 44

What are the main types of blood vessels?

Answer 44

Capillaries, veins, arteries, venules, arterioles.

Question 45

What is the pathway of blood flow in the circulatory system?

Answer 45

Blood flows from the heart, to arteries, to capillaries, to veins, then back to the heart.

Question 46

What is the primary function of arteries?

Answer 46

Carry blood away from the heart towards the limbs and organs.

Question 47

What type of blood do arteries transport?

Answer 47

Oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary and umbilical arteries.

Question 48

What characteristics do arteries have due to high pressure?

Answer 48

Thick walls with elastic fibers and muscle to withstand high pressure.

Question 49

What is the lumen of an artery like?

Answer 49

Narrow lumen.

Question 50

What do arteries branch into?

Answer 50

Smaller vessels called arterioles.

Question 51

What do arterioles branch into?

Answer 51

Microscopic blood vessels called capillaries.

Question 52

What is the primary function of capillaries?

Answer 52

Site of exchange for oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Question 53

How do oxygen and nutrients move in capillaries?

Answer 53

They diffuse out of capillaries into tissues of organs.

Question 54

How do waste and cell products move in capillaries?

Answer 54

They diffuse into capillaries from tissues in organs.

Question 55

What is the thickness of capillary walls?

Answer 55

One cell thick walls for rapid diffusion.

Question 56

What is the structure of capillaries?

Answer 56

Highly branched with a large surface area for diffusion.

Question 57

What is the lining tissue of capillaries called?

Answer 57

Endothelium.

Question 58

What is the relationship between capillaries and tissue cells?

Answer 58

All cells in all tissues are close to capillaries for short distance diffusion.

Question 59

What is the pressure in capillaries?

Answer 59

Low pressure.

Question 60

What is the capillary network like?

Answer 60

The capillary network is very dense so every cell in the body is close to a capillary.

Question 61

What do veins carry?

Answer 61

Veins carry blood towards the heart from the tissues.

Question 62

What type of blood do veins transport?

Answer 62

Veins transport deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary and umbilical veins.

Question 63

What is the pressure of blood in veins?

Answer 63

Blood in veins is at low pressure.

Question 64

What are the characteristics of vein walls?

Answer 64

Veins have thin walls, are less elastic, and less muscular.

Question 65

What is the lumen like in veins?

Answer 65

Veins have a wide lumen.

Question 66

What do valves in veins do?

Answer 66

Valves prevent back flow due to low pressure.

Question 67

How do skeletal muscles assist in blood return?

Answer 67

Contraction of body muscles in the limbs compresses the veins, helping in the return of blood to the heart.

Question 68

What is the flow of blood through the vascular system?

Answer 68

Blood flows into organs through arteries, which branch inside organs forming arterioles that branch to form capillaries.

Question 69

What do arterioles have that controls blood passage?

Answer 69

Arterioles have rings of muscle called sphincters that control the passage of blood to capillaries.

Question 70

What happens to blood after it flows through capillaries?

Answer 70

Blood flows through the capillaries to venules, which join up to form veins, allowing blood to leave the organ.