BLOOD COAGULATION

Question 1

the father of medicine and observed that the blood of a wounded soldier congealed as it cooled

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

he noted that blood cooled when removed

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

in 1627, _______ observed clots in veins

Answer 3

Mercurialis

Question 4

in 1770, ______ challenged the cooling theory, believing that air and lack of motion were important in the initiation of clotting

Answer 4

Hewson

Question 5

_______ assembled the coagulation factors

Answer 5

Morawitz

Question 6

arresting of bleeding

Answer 6

hemostasis

Question 7

achieved through the process of balancing bleeding and clotting

Answer 7

hemostasis

Question 8

coagulation that occurs physiologically, resulting in sealing of break in a vasculature

Answer 8

hemostasis

Question 9

essential to protect the integrity of the vasculature

Answer 9

hemostasis

Question 10

“clotting”

Answer 10

thrombosis

Question 11

formation of blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood

Answer 11

thrombosis

Question 12

greek word “thrombos” meaning a lump or a clump

Answer 12

thrombosis

Question 13

complex network of interactions involving vessels, platelet and coagulation factors

Answer 13

coagulation

Question 14

relies on a system of checks and balances between thrombosis and hemorrhage that includes procoagulant and anticoagulant

Answer 14

hemostasis

Question 15

coagulation is divided into two major systems:

Answer 15

1. primary system of hemostasis
2. secondary system of hemostasis

Question 16

comprises platelet function and vasoconstriction

Answer 16

primary hemostasis

Question 17

defined as primary platelet plug

Answer 17

primary hemostasis

Question 18

serves to immediately limit bleeding through the formation of platelet plug

Answer 18

primary hemostasis

Question 19

• coagulation factors
• platelet phospholipid

Answer 19

secondary hemostasis

Question 20

substrates in a series of delicately balanced enzymatic reactions that culminate in fibrin formation

Answer 20

secondary hemostasis

Question 21

After injury, the following may take event:
1. Rapid vasoconstriction for up to ____ minutes, reduces blood flow and promotes contact activation of platelets and coagulation
2. Platelets adhere immediately to the exposed subendothelial connective tissue. The aggregated platelets enhanced vasoconstriction by releasing _______ and vasoactive amines, like _______ and ________
3. Coagulation this initiated through both the intrinsic and extrinsic system
4. Finally, fibrinolysis occurs following the release of tissue plasminogen activators from the vascular wall. Fibrinolytic removal of excess hemostatic material is necessary to reestablish vascular integrity

Answer 21

30
thromboxane A2
serotonin
epinephrine

Question 22

vasospasm, narrowing of the arteries caused by a persistent contraction of the blood vessels, vasoconstriction

Answer 22

blood vessel spasm

Question 23

contraction of blood vessel wall

Answer 23

vasoconstriction

Question 24

short lived reflex reaction of the smooth muscle in vessel wall

Answer 24

vasoconstriction

Question 25

narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from the contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels

Answer 25

vasoconstriction

Question 26

occurs immediately and lasts briefly

Answer 26

vasoconstriction

Question 27

allows increased contact between the damaged vessel wall, blood platelets and coagulation factors

Answer 27

vasoconstriction

Question 28

effectively prevents bleeding in small blood vessels, but it cannot prevent bleeding in larger vessels

Answer 28

vasoconstriction

Question 29

opposite of vasodilation

Answer 29

vasoconstriction

Question 30

prevents bleeding by contracting vessels, by initiating contact activation of platelets with aggregation, and activating coagulation system

Answer 30

vascular system

Question 31

- vessels that take blood away from the heart - distributing vessels that leave the heart ✓have the thickest walls of the vascular system ✓blood with oxygen

Answer 31

arteries

Question 32

- return of blood to the heart - thin walled with elastic fiber - larger than the arteries, and have more irregular lumen

Answer 32

veins

Question 33

smaller subdivisions of arteries and veins

Answer 33

arterioles and venules

Question 34

small branch of artery leading to capillaries

Answer 34

arterioles

Question 35

- transport blood from arteries to capillaries - play a key role in regulating blood flow into the tissue capillaries

Answer 35

arterioles

Question 36

- microscopically sized veins - a small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into larger blood vessels - 7microns to 1mm

Answer 36

venules

Question 37

- most numerous of the blood vessels - composed only of tunica intima, consisting of thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells

Answer 37

capillaries

Question 38

- larger and have more irregular lumen than arteries - relatively thin walled - weaker middle coat - fewer nerves are distributed to the veins than the arteries

Question 39

- small structures consisting of supportive basement membrane to which a single layer of endothelium is tightly anchored

Answer 39

capillaries

Question 40

- composed only of one cell later of simple squamous epithelium - thinnest walled and most numerous of the blood vessels

Answer 40

capillaries

Question 41

specialized type of capillaries found in the bone marrow, spleen and liver

Answer 41

sinusoids

Question 42

surface of the endothelium that lines the lumen-simple squamous epithelium

Answer 42

tunica intima

Question 43

thickest coat, composed of smooth muscle and elastic fiber

Answer 43

tunica media

Question 44

consist of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 44

tunica adventitia

Question 45

- the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles

Answer 45

vasoconstriction

Question 46

lining the lumen of the blood vessel, and are the principal regulators of vascular functions

Answer 46

endothelial cells