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Biology 102 > Blood Composition and Blood Function > Flashcards

Blood Composition and Blood Function Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

Type of connective tissue composed of fluid matrix called plasma and formed elements.

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2
Q

What are the Blood Functions?

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Regulation
  3. Protection
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3
Q

What is Blood Composed of?

A

Plasma
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Red Blood Cells

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4
Q

What is another name for Red Blood Cells

A

Erthrocytes

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5
Q

What do Red Blood Cells contain and what is it?

A

Haemoglobin - special pigment that combines and carries oxygen.

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6
Q

What do Red Blood Cells not contain and what does it mean?

A

they do not contain a nucleus meaning more oxygen

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7
Q

What type of shape do Red Blood Cells have and why?

A

Disc shaped with dent on each side creating a large surface area for gas exchange.

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8
Q

Red Blood Cells have a large ____ ____ compared to volume.

A

surface area

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9
Q

What is another name for White Blood Cells?

A

Leucocytes

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10
Q

White Blood Cells: what do they contain?

A

A nuclei

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11
Q

White Blood Cells: what are they larger than?

A

Erythrocytes

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12
Q

White Blood Cells: where do they migrate?

A

They can migrate out of capillaries into tissue fluid

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13
Q

White Blood Cells: Agranular types

A

Lymphocyte ad Monocyte

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14
Q

White Blood Cells: Granular types

A

Basophil, Neutrophil, Eosinophil

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15
Q

White Blood Cells: Innate Immunity

A

non-specific with no memory containing granulocytes and monocytes

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16
Q

White Blood Cells: Adaptive Immunity

A

Specific and has memory contain lymphocytes (b ad t cell)

17
Q

Definition of Platelets

A

Cell fragments that pinch off from larger cells in bone marrow.

18
Q

Function of Platelets

A

Formation of blood clots

19
Q

Where is blood made?

A

red bone marrow

20
Q

Arteries and Veins: what are the 4 tissues layers?

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Elastic Fibers
  3. Smooth Muscles
  4. Connective Tissue
21
Q

Arteries and Veins: why aren’t they able to exchange materials across wall?

A

The walls are too thick for exchange

22
Q

Capillaries: have a single layer of _______ cells

A

endothelial

23
Q

Capillaries: What type of exchange do they have?

A

gases and metabolites between blood and body cells

24
Q

Arteries and Arterioles: _____ arteries contain more _____ ____ in walls.

A

Larger

Elastic Fibers

25
Q

Arteries and Arterioles: What is the contraction of smooth muscle layer?

A

Vasoconstriction

26
Q

Arteries and Arterioles: role of vasoconstriction

A

increases resistance and decreases flow

27
Q

Arteries and Arterioles: what happens when there is chronic vasoconstriction?

A

hypertension

28
Q

Arteries and Arterioles: what is the relaxation of smooth muscle layer?

A

Vasodilation

29
Q

What is the importance of Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation?

A

They regulate body heat in ectoderms and endotherms.

30
Q

Capillaries: every cell in body is within ___ micrometers of the capillary.

A

100

31
Q

Capillaries: What is the importance of being very narrow?

A

It creates the greatest total cross-sectional area of any other type of vessel.

32
Q

Difference between arteries and veins?

A

Arteries: all about PRESSURE and getting blood tissues that are in far reach.
Veins: all about VOLUME and 2/3 of blood supply is inside being carried back to heart.

33
Q

The Lymphatic System: how does interstitial fluid form?

A

When a significant amount of water and solutes in blood plasma filter through walls of capillaries.

34
Q

The Lymphatic System: most fluid leaves at _____ end of capillary and returns at ____ end.

A

Arteriole

Venule

35
Q

The Lymphatic System: what happens to the fluid that isn’t returned to capillaries?

A

It is returned to circulation by the lymphatic system.

36
Q

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: what does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

modulates heart rhythm and force of contraction

37
Q

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: What modulates the heart rate?

A

cardiac center of medulla oblongata

38
Q

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: Norepinephrine

A

Comes from the sympathetic neurons and increases heart rate.

39
Q

Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: Acetylocholine

A

Comes from parasympathetic neurons and decreases heart rate.

Biology 102 (10 decks)

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