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Med Surg Ch 31&32 > Blood Disorder > Flashcards

Blood Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

A malignancy that produces enlargement of lymphoid tissue, the spleen, and liver with invasion of other tissues such as bone marrow and lungs.

Signs are painless enlargement of one or more lymph nodes.

A

Hodgkin disease

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2
Q

A group of 30 sub classifications of malignant diseases that originate in lymph glands and other lymphoid tissue

Signs is lymph node enlargement usually diffuse rather than localized- cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions.

A

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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3
Q

____ is small hemorrhages in the skin, mucus membranes, or subcutaneous tissue.

A

Purpura

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4
Q

Tiny reddish hemorrhage spots on the skin and mucus membranes

A

Petechia

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5
Q

____ is bruising red bleeding

A

Ecchymosis

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6
Q

To many RBC

A

Polycythemia

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7
Q

Low platelet coins

A

Thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

____ is inflammatory response and defense against bacterial infections

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

____ phagocytize foreign material

A

Eosinophils

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10
Q

____ is humoral immunity by producing antibodies. T lymph provide cellular immunity

A

Lymphocytes

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11
Q

The ingestion and digestion of bacteria and foreign substances

A

Phagocytosis

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12
Q

____ ____ is lacking a intrinsic factor normally present in stomach secretions or fails to consume sufficient dietary resources of extrinsic factor

A

Pernicious anemia

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13
Q

Signs of ____ ____ is jaundice, irritability, confusion, depression, numbness, tingling in arms and legs & ataxia. Can lose vibration and position senses

A

Pernicious anemia

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14
Q

____ is a clotting agent

A

Prothrombin

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15
Q

_____ test is used to DX pernicious anemia

A

Schillings test

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16
Q

___ is obstructed lymph circulation causes an accumulation of lymph within soft tissue

A

Lymphedema

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17
Q

_____ is where the penis becomes engorged and remains persistently erect

A

Priapism

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18
Q

____ ____ is infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein Barr

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19
Q

____ is hormone released by kidney stimulates bone marrow to make erythrocytes

A

Erythropoietin

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20
Q

____ ___ is more than a deficiency of erythrocytes but also leukocytes and platelets.

It’s a consequence of inadequate stem cell production of bone marrow.

Side effects is weakness and fatigue, coagulation, abnormalities, unusual bleeding, small hemorrhage, and bruises, spleen enlarged.

Treatment: transfusions of whole blood, packed cells and platelets, antibiotics to prevent or treat infections and high doses of corticosteroids, bone marrow transplant

A

Aplastic anemia

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21
Q

____-____ ____ are nearly immortal continue to reproduce prolifically and a similar appearance to Normal lymphocytes

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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22
Q

_____ is a group of cancers that affect lymphatic system

A

Lymphoma

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23
Q

____ ____ is an almost insoluable compound which is a break down product of nitrogenous metabolism

A

Uric acid

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24
Q

____ is where whole blood is removed from donor through one needle in one arm. Circulated through separator and returned to donor through needle in other arm. Cross matching is unnecessary. Need ABO compatibility

A

Pheresis

25
Q

____ ___ prevents or modifies infectious disease (tetanus, mumps, rubella, pertussis)

A

Gamma globulin.

26
Q

___ ___ maintains osmotic pressure of the plasma (burns, liver disease, shock)

A

Serum albumin

27
Q

____ is a essential clotting factor

A

Fibrinogen

28
Q

_____ 5-20 ml restores clotting factors. Can give separate specific factor concentrate

A

Cryoprecipitate

29
Q

____ _____ is ones own blood given and stored or autotransfused

A

Autologous blood

30
Q

What two drugs should be given during blood transfusion

A

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine

31
Q

Who can start a transfusion?

A

A RN and has a to be checked by and who licensed nurses. Expiration date, patient name, room number, ID #, ID band, type and RH

32
Q

A LPN can check VS after the first 15 minutes but for the first 15 a RN has to stay with the patient

A

Know

33
Q

For a transfusion you’ll check baseline VS, then every 15 min x4 then every 30 min until completed.

A

Know

34
Q

Blood is given with ___ ___ and blood administration has a set filter, 18 or 19 gauge needle. Tubing and filter changed with each unit

A

Normal saline

35
Q

After the transfusion the bag will have to be returned to the lab/ blood bank.

No medications can be added to a blood transfusion

A

Know

36
Q

Type of transfusion reactions

Allergic (to large in donor blood)

Signs and Sx urticarial, Pruritus, fever, anxiety.

Hemolytic- incompatibility- treat for shock
S&S ^ HR, tachycardia, pain in low back, hypotension, oliguria, hematuria, anxiety.

Pyogenic (most common)- febrile.
Lg donor to platelet, leukocytes or contaminated blood.
S&S is fever flushing chills, tachycardia, nausea headache, palpitations, anxiety

A

Fluid overload- lasix- dough dyspnea

37
Q

__ ___ can occur if blood is infused under pressure

S&s is chest pain acute SOB shock and anxiety

If this was to happen turn patient on left side trendelenburg and stop the infusion

A

Air embolism

38
Q

_____ R/T multiple infusions containing anti calcium agents.

S&s tingling, muscle cramps, and convulsions

A

Hypocalcemia

39
Q

___ can be used for detective clotting of blood. FFP contains all factors needed for clotting.

A

Plasma

40
Q

How do you calculate HCT

A

HgbX3

41
Q

What’s a normal HGB

A

12-17.4

42
Q

Normal platelet

A

150k-350K mm3

43
Q

Leukocyte normal range

A

5k-10k mm3

44
Q

What’s the 3 types of blood cells produced by bone marrow.

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

45
Q

____ transports O2 and removes CO2

A

Erythrocytes

46
Q

___ engulf invading microorganisms and cellular debris and manufacture antibodies

A

Leukocytes

47
Q

___ help form a clot for blood control

A

Platelet

48
Q

Transfusion reaction

Sign and symptoms

Urticarial
Puruitus
Fever
Anxiety

Is….

A

Allergic reaction

49
Q

Sign an symptom for a transfusion reaction

N&V 
Increased HR 
Tachycardia 
Pain in low back
Hypotension
Oliguria
Hematuria 
Anxiety
A

Hemolytic

50
Q

Nursing actions for administering iron

Dilute liquid with NS 
Don’t take anatacid 
Use Z track method 
Take on empty stomach 
Drink orange juice
A

Know

51
Q

___ leukemia has increased immature lymphocytes
Normal or decreased granulocytes
Erythrocytes and platelet count are decreased

A

Acute

52
Q

___ leukemia is increased immature lymphocyte
Normal or decreased granulocytes
Erythrocytes and platelet counts may be NORMAL OR LOW

A

Chronic

53
Q

Functions of the ____ system

Circulates interstitial fluid and carries to veins. Filters and destroys potential harmful substances

A

Lymph system

54
Q

Signs and symptoms of _____ ___ painless enlargement one or more lymph nodes. Typically cervical.

Weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and weakness. Low grade fever puruitus, and night sweats are common. Marked anemia and thrombocytopenia

A

Hodgkin’s disease

55
Q

Signs and symptoms of _____ _____ is lymph node enlargement usually diffuse rather than localized. Cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions.

A

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

56
Q

___ ___ signs and symptoms

Jaundice
Irritability 
Confusion
Depression 
Numbness 
Tingling in arms and legs 
Ataxia 
Can lose vibration and position senses
A

Pernicious anemia

57
Q

What’s plasma important for

A

BP and blood volume

58
Q

_____ ___ is a consequence of inadequate stem cell production in bone marrow. Deficiency of erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes

A

Aplastic anemia

59
Q

Signs and symptoms of ___ __\ is

Weakness 
Fatigue
Coagulation abnormalities
Unusual bleeding 
Small hemorrhages 
Bruising
Spleen enlarged
A

Aplastic anemia

Med Surg Ch 31&32 (1 decks)

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