Blood Disorders

Question 1

Define anemia.

Answer 1

Decreased erythrocytes from blood loss, hemolysis or diminished erythropoietin.

Question 2

Define Polycythemia.

Answer 2

Increased erythrocytes

Question 3

Platelet deficiency.

Answer 3

Thrombocytopenia, results in bleeding and coagulation disorders.

Question 4

Hematopoiesis

Answer 4

Formation and development of blood cells.

Question 5

Where does hematopoiesis take place n children?

Answer 5

Marrow of long bones; tibia and femur.

Question 6

Where does hematopoiesis take place in adults?

Answer 6

Pelvis, cranium, vertebral bodies, sternum and ribs.

Question 7

What are some common locations of extramedullary hematopoiesis?

Answer 7

Spleen, live, lymph nodes and thymus. May cause hepatosplenomegaly.

Question 8

Define hemolysis.

Answer 8

Rupture of erythrocytes. Results in the release of hemoglobin.

Question 9

Define erythropoiesis.

Answer 9

Erythrocytes production in red bone marrow.

Question 10

What is a reticulocyte?

Answer 10

An immature erythrocyte.

Question 11

What are common characteristics of a reticulocyte?

Answer 11

1 - 3% of all erythrocytes.

Maturation after 1 day in circulation.

Question 12

Define reticulocytopenia.

Answer 12

Diminished circulating reticulocytes due to marrow failure.

Question 13

Anemia is more common in males or females in the US?

Answer 13

Females at 8%, with males at 4%.

Question 14

Anemia produces _______ in tissues.

Answer 14

Hypoxia, diminished oxygen supply.

Question 15

What organ compensates for diminished erythropoiesis in anemia patients?

Answer 15

Kidney increased its production by 5 - 8 times.

Question 16

What renal cell type increased the production of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Answer 16

Renal fibroblasts.

Question 17

What are some common features of anemia?

Answer 17

Pallor, fatigue, mental and physical weakness (lassitude), diminished growth, osseous abnormalities, cachexia.

Question 18

Hemolytic anemia can result in what?

Answer 18

Increased release of bilirubin, causing jaundice or gallstones.

Question 19

Blood loss anemia is commonly caused by ________.

Answer 19

Burns, internal injuries, diarrhea, abnormal menses.

Question 20

Blood loss anemia is a risk for _______.

Answer 20

Hypovolemic shock. >20% of total body burns and >20% of blood volume loss.

Question 21

During renal compensation (renal hypoxia) of blood loss anemia, the kidneys increase the production of what?

Answer 21

Erythropoietin (EPO).

Question 22

Hemodilution is described as what?

Answer 22

Decreased RBCs with an increase in plasma. Occurs 2 - 3 days after blood loss event.

Question 23

Reticulocytosis is defined as what?

Answer 23

Increased reticulocytes, resulting in an increase in RBCs. Occurs 5 -7 days after blood loss event.

Question 24

Iron is required for the synthesis of what protein?

Answer 24

Hemoglobin.

Question 25

External blood loss will result in diminished ______.

Answer 25

Iron.

Question 26

Define hemolytic anemia.

Answer 26

Accelerated RBC destruction.

Question 27

What is the normal life span of a RBC?

Answer 27

~ 120 days.

Question 28

Compensation for hemolytic anemia wild result in what?

Answer 28

Extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Question 29

What part of the destroyed RBC is efficiently recycled? And by what cell?

Answer 29

Iron; Macrophages.

Question 30

Define intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia.

Answer 30

Hereditary enzyme deficiency disorder, causing disordered Hb synthesis.

Question 31

Define extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia.

Answer 31

Acquired disorder caused by antibodies against RBCs, RBC trauma or infections (malaria).