Blood donation Flashcards
(22 cards)
What consititutes an ideal canine donor
- Good temperment and health
- no current meds
- No travel or transfusuin history
- fully vaccinated
- > 25kg
- < 5 -8yo depending on breed
- DEA1 negative blood type more versitile
what constitutes an ideal feline donor
- Healthy
- good temperment
- on no medication
- no travel or transfusion history
- Fully vaccinated (FCV, FHV, panleuk +/- Felv if outdoor)
- > 4kg
- < 8 years
- Ideally indoor only
What donor screening is needed
- full health check/PE before any donation
- Full haem and biochem at least annually
- PCV/TS before donating
- FELV/FIV in cats (ideally also mycoplasma but send away PCR so not possible in an emergency screen.
How long can whole blood be stored closed vs open
- closed in fridge for up to 28 days. open in fridge for up to 24hrs
What anticoagulants are used ans what is the ratio to blood
- CPDA (citrate phosphate dextrose adenine) or ACD (acid citrate dextrose)
- 1ml anticoagulant to 7ml blood (ie 1.5ml to a 10ml syringe or 3 to a 20)
maximum donations are about 20% of blood volume, what does this equate to in dogs and cats?
- Cats 11ml/kg
- Dogs 16ml/kg
Describe the process of feline blood donation
- discuss emla, handling, environment.
- IV in place, flow by O2
-if using sedation start with 0.2 - 0.3mg/kg butorphanol. - avoid ACP and alpha 2 as hypotension and reduced output.
- clip and strile prep of the area.
- Syringes are preloaded with anticoagulant usuing aseptic technique.
- Sterile syringe/butterfly/bungs
- slow draw while gently agitatig. when full pinch line and attach new syringe. sterile bung to the used.
- hospitalise after for 2/3hors whilst on IVFT
What are the main feline blood groups
- Type A, most common, 90% DSH.
- Type B less common, more in BDH and devon rex
- Type AB rare, some ragdolls.
What is a significant difference in blood type antibodies between dogs and cats
cats have naturally occuring preformed antibodies against other blood types and therfore MUST be typed at first transfusion
What is the most dangerous transfusion in cats
All type B cats have naturally high levels of anti A antibodies, therefore if a type B donor recieves type A blood can have fatal reaction
Which blood type should type AB recieve
Ideally type AB, if not availible type A carriers lower risk
Why would some recmmend crossmatching cats even before their first transfusuion
- May have other blood groups outside the AB system for which there is no type test (eg MIK group is USA)
- not walways practical to do this but be aware reactions can occur.
How does neonatal erythrolysis occur in cats
When a type B queen breeds to a type A Tom, some of the kittens are likely type A (dominent)
Then queen produces antiA antibodies in colostrum
leads to fading, pale, haemolysis depressed kitten
reproduce a summary table of feline blood type reactions
How may dog blood types are there
There are 8 DEA (dog erythrocyte antigen) types, only DEA 1 is tested
why are untyped blood transfusions not recommended
- technically possible as a first transfusion as no preforned antibodies.
- not recommended as lead to faster destruction of cells and more sensitisation
What is the significant of weak and strong DEA 1 positives?
- a weak positive dog has low numbers of DEA antigens and could still mount a response if given high numbers of dea antigens in positive donor blood.
- might treat weak positive donors as positive and weak positive recipients as negative and give negative blood.
rreproduce the transfusion table about which blood type to give in dogs
Why must dogs be crossmatched for subsequent transfusions
Because they may become sensitised to the other blood types which are not tested.
What is the significance of the untested blood types
- may cause a reaction in future trasfusions (crossmatch)
- may cause a reaction during the first transfusion or a delayed reaction increasing cell lysis
How does blood typing work
detection of an agglutination reaction - an ELISA
When is a crossmatch needed
- in dogs that were transfused >4 days ago
in cats that were transfused >2days ago
