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PHARMACOLOGY 3.0 > Blood Drugs > Flashcards

Blood Drugs Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

MOA of Heparin

A
  1. Accelerates binding of Antithrombin III to Factor Xa and Thrombin (Factor IIa)
  2. Inhibits Aldosterone secretion
  3. Increases concentration free Throxine
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2
Q

Antidote for Heparin

A

Protamine

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3
Q

Uses of Heparin

A
  • DVT
  • Pregnancy (DOC)
  • PE
  • Acute MI
  • dialysis tubing
  • blood containers
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4
Q

Enoxaparin

A
  • Formed by depolymerizing Heparin
  • More anti Factor Xa activity
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5
Q

High Protein binding LMW Heparins

A
  • Dalteparin
  • Ardeparin
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6
Q

small synthetic drug with key pentasaccharide (LMW Heparin)

A

Fondaparinux

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7
Q

Adverse drug reactions of Heparin

A
  • Transient Thrombocytopenia
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • Osteoporosis
  • platelet aggregation
  • anti platelet antibodies
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8
Q

Contraindications of Heparin:

A
  • Brain surgery, Head trauma, Recent major sugery
  • Active PTB
  • Bacterial Endocarditis
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9
Q

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

A
  • Oral
    • Ximelgatran
    • Dabigatran
  • Parenteral
    • Hirudin
    • Lepirudin
    • Bivalirudin
    • Argatroban
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10
Q

Recombinant form of the leech protein (hirudin)

MOA: binds to active site of Thrombin and its substrate

A

Lepirudin

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11
Q

inhibits both soluble and enmeshed thrombin

A

Bivalirudin

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12
Q

MOA of Warfarin

A

Inhibits Vitamin K dependent synthesis of Factors 2,7,9 and 10

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13
Q

Adverse reactions from Warfarin (2)

A
  • Warfarin necrosis
    • Painful erythematous patch
    • w/in 3-10 days of treatment
  • Purple toe syndrome
    • 3-8 wks of treatment
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14
Q

Contraindications of Warfarin

A

Pregnancy

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15
Q

Antidote to Warfarin overdose

A
  • Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
  • FFP (Fresh Frozen Plasma)
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16
Q

Drugs that increase Warfarin’s anticoagulation response

A
  • Acetylsalicylic acid
  • Cimetidine
  • Clofibrate
  • Disulfiram
  • Metronidazole
  • Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
  • Phenylbutazone
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17
Q

Drugs that decrease Warfarin’s anticoagulation response

A
  • Barbiturates
  • Glutethimide
  • Cholestyramine
  • Phenobarbital
  • Rifampin
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18
Q

MOA of Antiplatelet Drugs (4)

A
  • (-) Cyclooxygenase
    • Aspirin
    • Ibuprofen
  • (-) Phosphodiesterase
    • Dipyridamloe
    • Pentoxifylline
    • Cilostazole
  • (-) Adenosine 5’ diphosphate binding
    • Clopidogrel
    • Ticlopidine
  • (-) Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor
    • Abciximab
    • Eptifibatide
    • Tirofiban
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19
Q

Decreases levels of fibrinogen

Improves RBC flexibility

Used for Intermittent Claudication

A

Pentoxifylline

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20
Q

Increases cellular uptake of adenosine and uptake of cAMP

A

Dipyridamole

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21
Q

Thrombolytic/Fibrinolytic Drugs

A
  • 1st Generation
    • Streptokinase
    • Urokinase
  • 2nd Generation
    • Alteplase
    • Anistreplase
  • 3rd Generation
    • Reteplase
    • Tenecteplase
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22
Q

MOA of Streptokinase

A

binds to Plasminogen and forms activator proteins that will convert Plasminogen to plasmin

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23
Q

MOA of Urokinase

Study These Flashcards
A

Activates Plasminogen directly

24
Q

MOA of Alteplase

Study These Flashcards
A

converts trapped plasminogen (tPA) to plasmin

less effect on circulating plasminogen

25
Alteplase is the DOC for patients who?
* previously received streptokinase * are given **APSAC** * have been treated for Streptococcal infection w/in the previous year
26
Anistreplase
* Anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) * Active complex of strpetokinase and plasminogen * work equally on systemic plasminogen activator * blocked by anisoyl group
27
Recombinant drug that catalyzes the conversion of Plasminogen to plasmin
Tenecteplase
28
Oral Iron Drugs
* Ferrous Sulfate * Ferrous Fumarate * Ferrous Cholne citrate * Ferrous Gluconate
29
Ferrous sulfate
* DOC: IDA * 20% elemental iron
30
Ferrous fumarate
* 30% elemental Iron
31
Contains 12% elemental Iron (Oral Iron)
* Ferrous choline citrate * Ferrous gluconate
32
Adverse Drug reactions of oral Iron
* **Hemochromatosis** * N/D/C Heartburn
33
type of Iron given to patients who cannot tolerate oral iron and for patients with malabsorption syndromes
Parenteral Iron
34
Ferric Hydroxide + LMW Dextran
Iron Dextran
35
Deferoxamine
Antidote for Iron toxicity (Hemochromatosis)
36
2 forms of Vitamin B12
* Cyanocobalamin * Hydroxocobalamin
37
useful in treating anemic patients with AIDS
Erythropoietin
38
165-amino acid glycoprotein
Erythropoietin
39
synthethic erythropoietins
* Epoetin alpha * Darbopoetin alpha
40
Myeloid Growth factors
* Filgrastim (G-CSF) * Sargramostim (GM-CSF)
41
Adverse reactions from Filgrastim
* Bone pain * Splenomegaly
42
Adverse drug reaction from Sargramostim
* Fever * Arthalgia * edema * capillary damage * fluid accumulation * pleural and pericardial effusions
43
Treatment for patients with aplastic anemia
Sargramostim
44
Oprelvekin
* IL-11 * Stimulate growth of primitive megakaryocyte progenitors * increase number of peripheral platelets
45
Causes of inadequate blood clotting:
* Vitamin K deficiency * Errors of Clotting factor synthesis * Thrombocytopenia
46
symptoms of rapid phytonadione infusion
dyspnea, chest and back pains, death
47
agents used to treat heamophillia
* Fresh plasma * Purified human blood clotting factors (FVIII and FIX)
48
Sclerosing drugs/agents:
* Ethanolamine oleate * Hypertonic saline * Morrhuate sodium
49
MOA of sclerosing agents
Traumatize endothelial lining of distended veins and cause thrombosis within the vessel
50
treatment used for varicose veins and esophageal varices
Morrhuate sodium
51
Octreotide
Anti hemorrhagic drug MOA: suppression of vasoactive GI hormones; vasocontriction within splenic circulation (control bleeding: esophageal varices, acromegaly, GI endocrine tumors) [Bradycardia, Abdominal cramps, Diarrhea, Flushing] CI: Arrhythmia, Hypoglycemia Pancreatitis
52
Amino caproic acid (EACA)
Fibrinolytic Inhibitors MOA: competitive inhibition of plasminogen activation (chemichally similar to lysine) (Adjunct to hemophilla, therapy for bleeding from fibrinolytic therapy, rebleeding from intracranial aneurysms) [Intravascular thrombosis, hypotension, myopathy, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nasal stuffiness] CI: GU bleeding, DIC
53
Analog of EACA
Tranexamic Acid
54
Aprotinin
Serine protease inhibitor direct plasmin inhibitor increase risk: Renal failure, Heart attack, stroke
55

PHARMACOLOGY 3.0 (5 decks)

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