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WEST PHYSIO BY CSD > Blood flow and metabolism > Flashcards

Blood flow and metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Pressure that is the difference between inside snd outside of the capillaries

A

Transmural pressure

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2
Q

When lung volume increases, blood vessels increases their diameter hence pressure is _______

A

decreased

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3
Q

formula of vascular resistance

A

(input pressure-output pressure)/blood flow

about 1.7 mmhg/l/‘in
(15-5)/6

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4
Q

increase in pulmonary arterial or venous pressure causes pulmonary vascular residtanse to

A

FALL

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5
Q

term used as the pressure rises and vessels begin to conduct blood lowering resistance

chief mechanism for the fall in pulmo vascular resistance

A

Recruitment

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6
Q

2 mechanisms for decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance as vascular pressures are raised

A

Recruitment (opening of prev closed vessel)

Distension (inc in caliber)

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7
Q

predominant mechanism for the fall in PVR at high vascular pressure

A

distention

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8
Q

When lung volume is low, extra alveolar vessel has __________ resistance

A

HIGH resistance

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9
Q

at high lung vol, capillaries are stretched and caliber is reduced hence ______ in resistance

A

increase

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10
Q

Substance causing contraction of the Smooth muscles increasing PVR

A

serotonin
histamine
norepinephrine
endothelin

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11
Q

relaxes smooth muscles in pulmonary circulation

A

PD inhibitors
calcium channel blockers
Prostacyclin PGI2

acetylcholine

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12
Q

in exercise, PVR

A

decreases

(recruitment and distention of capillaries)

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13
Q

PVR increases at ______ lung volume

A

low

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14
Q

Measurement if pulmo blood flow can be measured using what principle

A

Fick principle

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15
Q

waterfall effect is also called

A

Starling resistor
sluice

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16
Q

flow in zone 3 is determined by

A

arterial venous pressure difference

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17
Q

increased in blood flow in zoe 3 is due to _______. of capillaries

A

distention

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18
Q

in zone 3, transmural pressure _______ and mean width ______

A

both increases

19
Q

Which zone of the lung , where parenchyma is least expanded hence reduced blood flow

A

zone 4

(narrowing of extra alveolar vessels when lung is poorly inflated)

20
Q

what causes unevenness of blood flow in the lung

A

randome arrangement of blood vessels and capillaries

21
Q

blood flow along acinus, periphery

A

decreases

22
Q

level or value of alveolar po2 where there will be a marked vasoconstriction

A

70mmhg

23
Q

Major trigger for smooth muscle contraction

A

increase in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration

24
Q

how does nitric oxide helps in vasodilation of smooth muscles?

A

activates guanylate cyclase
increases CGMP
inhibiting rise in intracellular calcium

25
Q

nitric oxide is from

A

L arginine

26
Q

force to push fluid out of the capillary

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure minus hydroststic pressure in interstitium

Pc-Pi

27
Q

force to pull fluid in

A

colloid osmotic pressure of the blood minus interstitial fluid

28
Q

What is Starlings equation

A

K is filtration co efficient

29
Q

the only biological activation in pulmo circulation

A

angiotensin I to II by ACE (located in small pits of capillary endothelial cells)

30
Q

This peptide is inactivated in pulmo circulation

A

Bradykinin (80% inactivated)

31
Q

this amine is completely removed in the lungs by uptake and storage process

A

serotonin

(some transferred to platelets)

32
Q

norepinephrine is taken up by the lung by how many percent

A

30%

33
Q

no effects as they pass the kung

A

epi
prostaglandin

angiotensin II
vasopressin or ADH

34
Q

almost completely removed
SLP

A

leukotrienes
protstaglandins
serotonin

35
Q

what enzyme produces leukotrienes contributory to slow reacting substance anaphylaxis (SRS-A)

causing vasoconstriction of airways
impt role in asthna

A

lipoxygenase

36
Q

enzyme producing prostaglandin and thromboxane a2

A

cyclooxygenase

37
Q

plays an impt role in fetus helps relax the pda

A

prostaglandin E2

38
Q

both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor
affects platelet aggregatiin
role in bronchoconstriction of asthma
active in kallikrein kinin

A

prostaglandin

39
Q

mast cells contains

A

heparin

40
Q

Lung secretes ig

A

IgA in bronchial mucus

41
Q

Synthetic functions or the lung

A

DPPC (surfactant) synthesis
protein synthesis (collagen elastin)

proteases (from leukocytes) breaks down collagen and elastin - emphysema

carbohydrate metabolism - elaboration of mucopysaccharides of bronchial mucus

42
Q

active influences of PVR

A
43
Q

passive influences of PVR

A
44
Q

factors predisposing to pulmo edema

A

WEST PHYSIO BY CSD (5 decks)

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