Blood Flow Vocabulary

Question 1

simple squamous epithelium overlying basement membrane and sparse layer of loose connective tissue

Answer 1

Endothelium

Question 2

layer of vessel wall that lines the blood vessel and is exposed to blood

Answer 2

Tunica interna

Question 3

layer of vessel wall that strengthens vessels and prevents blood pressure from rupturing them and regulates diameter of the blood vessel

Answer 3

Tunica media

Question 4

layer of vessel wall that anchors the vessel

Answer 4

Tunica externa

Question 5

site where gasses, nutrients, wastes, and hormones pass between the blood and tissue fluid

Answer 5

Capillaries (exchange vessels)

Question 6

type of capillaries that occur in most tissues

Answer 6

Continuous capillaries

Question 7

type of capillaries that can be found in the kidneys and small intestine

Answer 7

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 8

type of capillaries that can be found in liver, bone marrow, spleen

Answer 8

Sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries)

Question 9

Simplest and most common route for blood

Answer 9

Heart - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins

Question 10

circulatory route where blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart (ex: between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, in kidneys, between intestines to liver)

Answer 10

Portal system

Question 11

circulatory route where Artery flows directly into vein, bypassing capillaries

Answer 11

Arteriovenous anastomosis (shunt)

Question 12

convergence point between two vessels other than capillaries

Answer 12

Anastomosis

Question 13

_______ carry blood away from the heart

Answer 13

arteries

Question 14

_______ carry blood black to the heart

Answer 14

veins

Question 15

Most common form of anastomosis, one vein empties directly into another (after capillaries)

Answer 15

Venous anastomosis: Reason vein blockage is less serious than arterial blockage

Question 16

Type of anastomosis where two arteries merge (before capillaries), provides alternative routes of blood supply to a tissue. Coronary circulation and common around joints

Answer 16

Arterial anastomosis

Question 17

the amount of blood flowing through an organ, tissue or blood vessel in a given time (mL/min.)

Answer 17

Blood flow

Question 18

the flow per given volume or mass of tissue in a given time (mL/min./g)

Answer 18

Perfusion

Question 19

Physical principles of blood flow based on pressure and resistance

Answer 19

Hemodynamics

Question 20

The greater the pressure difference between two points, the ________ the flow

Answer 20

greater

Question 21

The greater the resistance, the _____ the flow

Answer 21

less

Question 22

peak arterial BP taken during heart contraction contraction (ventricular systole)

Answer 22

Systolic pressure

Question 23

minimum arterial BP taken during ventricular relaxation (diastole) between heart beats

Answer 23

Diastolic pressure

Question 24

the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall

Answer 24

Blood pressure

Question 25

the opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels away from the heart

Answer 25

Peripheral resistance

Question 26

Resistance replies on what three variables:

Answer 26

1. blood viscosity 2. vessel length 3. vessel radius (most powerful)

Question 27

when smooth muscle of tunica media contracts

Answer 27

Vasoconstriction

Question 28

relaxation of the smooth muscle, allowing blood pressure to expand vessel

Answer 28

Vasodilation

Question 29

From aorta to capillaries, blood velocity (speed) decreases for what three reasons:

Answer 29

1. Greater distance, more friction to reduce speed 2. Smaller radii of arterioles and capillaries 3. Farther from heart

Question 30

Veins are _____ compliant than arteries

Answer 30

More (they stretch more)

Question 31

________ are most significant point of control over peripheral resistance and flow

Answer 31

Arterioles

Question 32

is a quick and powerful way of altering blood pressure and flow

Answer 32

Vasomotion

Question 33

What are the three ways of controlling vasomotor activity:

Answer 33

1. Local control 2. Neural control 3. Hormonal control

Question 34

the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply

Answer 34

Autoregulation

Question 35

substances secreted by platelets, endothelial cells, and perivascular tissue to stimulate vasomotor responses

Answer 35

Vasoactive chemicals

Question 36

Histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins all stimulate _________.

Answer 36

vasodilation

Question 37

The ______ ______ of ________ exerts sympathetic control over blood vessels throughout the body.

Answer 37

Vasomotor center of medulla

Question 38

The vasomotor center is the integrating center for what three autonomic reflexes:

Answer 38

1. Baroreflexes 2. Chemoreflexes 3. Medullary ischemic reflex

Question 39

automatic, negative feedback response to change in blood pressure

Answer 39

Baroreflex

Question 40

an automatic response to changes in blood chemistry

Answer 40

Chemoreflex

Question 41

Primary role of chemoreceptors

Answer 41

adjust respiration to changes in blood chemistry

Question 42

Secondary role of chemoreceptors

Answer 42

vasomotion

Question 43

_________ _______ reflex: automatic response to a drop in perfusion of the brain

Answer 43

Medullary ischemic

Question 44

potent vasoconstrictor: raises blood pressure, promotes Na+ and water retention by kidneys, increases blood volume and pressure

Answer 44

Angiotensin II

Question 45

increases urinary Na+ excretion (which reduces blood volume and promotes vasodilation then lowering blood pressure)

Answer 45

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 46

promotes water retention and raises BP

Answer 46

Anti-diuretic hormone

Question 47

In most blood vessels epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to ________ to promote vasoconstriction

Answer 47

𝛼-adrenergic receptors

Question 48

In cardiac muscle blood vessels epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to __________ to promote vasodilation

Answer 48

𝛽-adrenergic receptors