Blood Gases and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

substances that donates H+ when dissolved in H2O

Answer 1

acid

Question 2

substances that accepts H+ when dissolved in H2O

Answer 2

base

Question 3

the negative logarithm (-log) of H+ concentration

Answer 3

pH

Question 4

a system that RESIST CHANGES IN pH upon addition of acids and bases

Answer 4

buffer

Question 5

buffer contains?

Answer 5

weak acid (H2CO3) and salt of conjugate base (HCO3-)

Question 6

H + OH = H2O is what theory?

Answer 6

Bronsted-Lowry theory

Question 7

hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 7

36-44 nmol/L

Question 8

the strength of H+ present a substance

Answer 8

pH

Question 9

what should be the blood pH considered as alkalemia

Answer 9

> 7.45

Question 10

what should be the blood pH considered as acidemia

Answer 10

<7.35

Question 11

what is the normal blood pH

Answer 11

7.35-7.45

Question 12

in chemistry, blood pH is slightly alkaline but physiologically, a blood pH of 7.35-7.45 is considered neutral

Answer 12

true

Question 13

human body naturally produce H+ ion approximately ______.

Answer 13

150g H+/day

Question 14

34-44 nmol/L of H+ conc. is equivalent to normal blood pH

Answer 14

true

Question 15

process that causes acidemia

Answer 15

acidosis

Question 16

process that causes alkalemia

Answer 16

alkalosis

Question 17

what are the control centers of acid-base balance

Answer 17

buffer, lungs, and kidneys

Question 18

controls CO2

Answer 18

lungs

Question 19

controls HCO3-

Answer 19

kidneys

Question 20

acidic component of blood

Answer 20

CO2

Question 21

alkaline component of blood

Answer 21

HCO3-

Question 22

acid or basic: high conc. of CO2

Answer 22

acidic

Question 23

acid or basic: low conc. of CO2

Answer 23

basic

Question 24

acid or basic: high conc. of HCO3-

Answer 24

basic

Question 25

acid or basic: low conc. of HCO3-

Answer 25

acidic

Question 26

at blood pH of 7.40, the HCO3- to H2CO3 ratio is?

Answer 26

20:1

Question 27

most important blood buffer system

Answer 27

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

Question 28

utilized HCO3- (conjugate base) and H2CO3 (conjugate acid) to minimize pH changes

Answer 28

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

Question 29

uses PLASMA PROTEINS to minimize pH changes

Answer 29

protein buffer system

Question 30

primary buffer in urine

Answer 30

phosphate buffer system

Question 31

utilizes HPO4- and H2PO4

Answer 31

phosphate buffer system

Question 32

plays a role in buffering CO2 during transport to the lungs

Answer 32

hemoglobin buffer system

Question 33

enumerate the 4 buffer systems

Answer 33

(1) bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system (2) protein buffer system (3) phosphate buffer system (4) hemoglobin buffer system