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kine2011 > blood & immune system lecture 2 > Flashcards

blood & immune system lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are antigens?

A

large complex molecules trigger immune response against itself when itself when enters body

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2
Q

what are the 4 types of ABO blood types?

A

A
B
AB
O

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3
Q

what is a transfusion reaction?

A

transfusion reaction resulting from type B blood transfused to a recipient with type A blood

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4
Q

what is the antigen for blood type A?

A

A antigen

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5
Q

what is the antibodies for blood type A?

A

anti-B

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6
Q

what is the antigen for blood type B?

A

B antigen

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7
Q

what is the antibodies for blood type B?

A

anti-A

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8
Q

what is the antigen for blood type AB?

A

A & B

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9
Q

what is the antibodies for blood type AB?

A

no antibodies

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10
Q

what is the antigen for blood type O?

A

no antigens

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11
Q

what is the antibodies for blood type O?

A

anti-A & anti-B

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12
Q

what is the rhesus (Rh) blood group?

A

anoitgen system - CDE system: 50 group antigen, 5 primary antigen groups (D,C,E,c,e)

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13
Q

which allele is the most common in the Rh blood group?

A

D

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14
Q

which antigen produces the most antibodies?

A

D

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15
Q

what does Rh + mean?

A

D present

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16
Q

what does Rh - mean?

A

D absent = d

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17
Q

what are leukocytes?

A

mobile defense units

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18
Q

what are the 5 major types of circulating leukocytes?

A

1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils
4) monocytes
5) lymphocytes

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19
Q

what percentage of neutrophils make up leukocytes (WBC)?

A

60-70%

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20
Q

what percentage of eosinophils make up leukocytes?

A

1-4%

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21
Q

what percentage of basophils make up leukocytes?

A

0.25-0.5%

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22
Q

which 3 circulating leukocytes are multisegmented/polymorphonuclear granulocytes/multisegmented?

A

1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils

23
Q

what percentage of monocytes make up leukocytes?

A

2-6%

24
Q

what percentage of lymphocytes make up leukocytes?

A

25-33%

25
Q

what is the second most abundant WBC in blood?

A

lymphocytes

26
Q

how much WBC/mL?

A

7 million WBC/mL

27
Q

how much RBC/mL?

A

5 billion RBC/mL

28
Q

what are granulocytes?

A

granule containing cells

29
Q

what are polymorphonuclear?

A

many shaped nucleus

30
Q

what is the function of neutrophils?

A
  • phagocytic specialist (cell eating)
  • throw out nuclear material
  • neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - trap bacteria & DNA
31
Q

what is the function of eosinophils?

A
  • kill antibody-coated parasites

- attaches to worm & kills with substance

32
Q

what is the function of basophils?

A
  • thought to play a role in parastic infections
33
Q

what are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

A

1) large granular lymphocytes

2) small lympphocytes

34
Q

what is the function of monocytes?

A
  • phagocytosis
  • antigen presentation
  • cytokine production
  • cytotoxicity
  • kill foreign cells
35
Q

what is histamine?

A

allergic reactions released

36
Q

what is heparin?

A

speeds up removal of fes rom ablood fter fatty meal

37
Q

what is heparin?

A

speeds up the removal of fat particles from blood after fatty meal

38
Q

what are mononuclear agranualocytes?

A

single nucleau & lack granules

39
Q

what are mononuclear agranulocytes cells?

A

single nucleus & lack granules

40
Q

where do monocytes come from?

A

bone marrow

41
Q

which leukocyte is a tissue resident?

A

macrophages

42
Q

what is the function of macrophages?

A
  • cell eater
  • first to sense invading microorganism
  • secrete cytokine/chemokines
  • recruit neutrophils & other leukocytes
43
Q

what are large granular lympocytes? (NK)

A
  • natural killer cells

- effector cells of innate immune response

44
Q

what are the large granular lymphocytes?

A
  • kills virus-infected cells by releasing lytic granules
45
Q

what are small lymphocytes?

A
  • involved in adapted immune response
46
Q

what are small lymphocytes functions?

A
  • cytokine production
  • antigen production
  • antibody production
  • memory
  • cytotoxicity
47
Q

what are the other 2 types of lymphocytes?

A

1) B lymphocytes

2) T lymphocytes

48
Q

what are B lymphocytes?

A

humoral immunity

49
Q

what is the function B lymphocytes?

A
  • produce antibodies

- responsible to antibody-mediated immunity

50
Q

what are T lymphocytes?

A

cell-mediated immunity

51
Q

what is the function of T lymphocytes?

A
  • do NOT product antibodies

- directly destroy specific target cells by releasing chemicals that punch holes in victim cell

52
Q

where are granulocytes & monocytes produced?

A

in bone marrow

53
Q

how are most new lymphocytes produced?

A

cell division

kine2011 (4 decks)

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