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Pharmacy > Blood & Nutrition > Flashcards

Blood & Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the symptoms of iron deficiency?

A

tiredness, pallor, SOB, palpitations

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2
Q

what is the patient counselling for taking iron preparations?

A

take with or after food
take with a glass of orange juice (Vit C aids absorption)

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3
Q

how long should you treat iron deficiency?

A

continue for 3 months after bloods in range

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4
Q

what is the MHRA alert for IV iron?

A

hypersensitivity

monitor for 30 mins every administration

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

high MCV
numbness, tingling hands/ feet, muscles weakness, depression

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6
Q

what are the causes of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency or BOTH

  • if both, important to treat B12 first as folic acid alone can mask symptoms and cause neuropathy
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7
Q

how can you treat megaloblastic anaemia?

A

B12:
hydroxocobalamin (IM injection 3 monthly)
cobalamin (oral OD)

Folate:
folic acid 5mg daily for four months

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8
Q

what is the treatment for iron overload?

A

desferrioxamine

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9
Q

what is the treatment for neutropenia?

A

filgrastim

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10
Q

which drugs should be avoided in people with G6PD deficiency?

A

quinolones, nitrofurantoin, aspirin, chloroquine, quinine, sullphonylureas

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11
Q

what is the normal range for potassium?

A

3.5-5.3

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12
Q

what are the symptoms of hypokalaemia?

A

muscle cramps, fatigue, palpitations, arrhythmias

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13
Q

what are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia?

A

fatigue, numbness, SOB, chest pain, palpitations

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14
Q

what drugs cause hypokalaemia?

A

Aminophylline/ theophylline
Beta agonists
Corticosteroids
Diuretics (loop/ thiazide)
Erythromycin/ clarithromycin
Insulin

ABCDEI

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15
Q

what is the treatment of hypokalaemia?

A

mild/ moderate:
oral sando-k

severe:
IV KCl

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16
Q

what drugs cause hyperkalaemia?

A

Trimethoprim
Heparins
ACE/ ARB
NSAIDs
K
Sparing diuretics
Beta blockers

THANKS B

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17
Q

what is the treatment for hyperkalaemia?

A

mild/moderate:
calcium resonium

severe (>6.5):
IV CaCl
soluble insulin
salbutamol

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18
Q

what is the normal range of sodium?

A

133-146

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19
Q

what are the symptoms of hyponatraemia?

A

nausea, headache, confusion, fatigue, irritability, seizures

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20
Q

what are the symptoms of hypernatraemia?

A

thirst, fatigue

21
Q

what drugs cause hyponatraemia?

A

Carbamazepine
Diuretics
Desmopressin
SSRIs

Certain Drugs Ditch Salt

22
Q

what is the treatment of hyponatraemia?

A

mild/ moderate:
oral sodium bicarbonate

severe:
IV NaCl

23
Q

what drugs cause hypernatraemia?

A

Sodium bicarbonate
Corticosteroids
Effervescent forms
Oestrogens/ androgens

Salty CEO

24
Q

what is the normal range of calcium?

A

2.2-2.6

25
Q

what are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

A

muscle cramps, confusion, depression, forgetfulness

26
Q

what are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia?

A

nausea, lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps, arrhythmias

27
Q

how do you treat hypocalcaemia?

A

calcium supplements if dietary not adequate
oral supplements with vit D

severe acute/ hypocalcaemic tetany:
slow IV calcium gluconate 10%

28
Q

how do you treat hypercalcaemia?

A

severe:
correct dehydration - IV NaCl
bisphosphonates + pamidronate
corticosteroids
calcitonin

29
Q

how do you treat hypercalciuria?

A

increase fluid intake
bendroflumethiazide

30
Q

what is the normal range for magnesium?

A

0.6-1

31
Q

what are the symptoms of hypermagnesaemia?

A

muscle weakness, arrhythmia

32
Q

how do you treat hypermagnesaemia?

A

calcium gluconate

33
Q

how do you treat hypomagnesaemia?

A

symptomatic:
IV/ IM magnesium sulfate

mild:
oral magnesium

34
Q

what is the normal range of phosphate?

A

0.87-1.45

35
Q

how do you treat hypophosphotaemia?

A

oral phosphate supplements

36
Q

how do you treat hyperphosphotaemia?

A

1st calcium acetate
2nd sevelamer
3rd CaCO3 OR sucroferric oxyhydroxide

37
Q

what are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A

thirst, polyuria, constipation, fatigue, memory impaired, CVD, kidney stones, osteoporosis

38
Q

how do you treat hyperparathyroidism?

A

1st parathyroidectomy

drug treatment:
cinacalcet
supplement vit D if needed
bisphosphonate

39
Q

how do you treat an acute crisis of acute porphyria?

A

IV haem arginate

40
Q

what are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A,D,E,K

41
Q

what can a lack of vitamin D cause?

A

rickets (bow legged)

42
Q

what can a lack of vitamin A cause?

A

occular defects

43
Q

what can a lack of vitamin E cause?

A

neuromuscular abnormalaties

44
Q

what are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B,C

45
Q

what is vitamin B1 and what can a lack of it cause?

A

thiamine

causes Wernicke’s encephalopathy

46
Q

what is vitamin B6 and what can a lack of it cause?

A

pyroxidine

causes peripheral neuropathy

47
Q

what is vitamin B12 and what can a lack of it cause?

A

hydroxocobalamin/ cyanocobalamin

causes megaloblastic anaemia

48
Q

what is vitamin B2 and what can a lack of it cause?

A

riboflavin

causes skin, eyes and nervous system problems

49
Q

what can a lack of vitamin C cause?

A

scurvy (bleeding gums)
impaired wound healing

Pharmacy (20 decks)

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