Blood Pressure

Question 1

Which drug relaxes blood vessels and reduces blood pressure by inhibiting an enzyme that constricts blood vessels

Answer 1

ACE inhibitors

Question 2

Action of ace inhibitors

Answer 2

Blocks angiotensin 1 from becoming angiotensin 2

Question 3

Prototype drug for ace inhibitors

Answer 3

Captoprill

Question 4

Side effects of ace inhibitors

Answer 4

Dry, cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, angioedema

Question 5

What is angioedema?

Answer 5

Swelling under the skin

Question 6

What does ace stand for?

Answer 6

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 7

Which class of blood pressure medications blocks the action of angiotensin II, thus relaxing the blood vessels, and lowers blood pressure

Answer 7

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Question 8

What are the side effects of ARBs?

Answer 8

Dizziness, headache, and diarrhea

Question 9

What is the prototype drug of ARBs?

Answer 9

Losartan

Question 10

What class of anti-hypertension medication’s relax, and widen blood vessels by blocking calcium entry into cells, relaxing, blood pressure, and improving blood flow?

Answer 10

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

Question 11

Most calcium channel blockers end in —-
Except for two outliers.

Answer 11

Dipine
- verapamil
- diltiazem

Question 12

What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 12

Dizziness, peripheral edema, bradycardia, hypotension , flushing

Question 13

Which class of anti-hypertensive medication’s affects the muscles of the arteries and veins, preventing the muscles from tightening and the walls from narrowing. The blood flows more easily through the vessels, the heart doesn’t have to pump as hard, and blood pressure is lowered.

Answer 13

Vasodilators

Question 14

Prototype drug for vasodilators?

Answer 14

Nitroprusside

Question 15

Side effects for vasodilators

Answer 15

Apprehension, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, hypotension

Question 16

What is diaphoresis?

Answer 16

Excessive sweating

Question 17

What class of medication is the first line medications used in the step care management of hypertension?

Answer 17

Thiazide and thiazide-like Diuretics

Question 18

What are some side effects of diuretics?

Answer 18

Increase urination, electrolyte, imbalance, acid-base imbalance

Question 19

Two examples of thiazide diuretics:

Answer 19

1- chlorothiazide
2- Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 20

Three examples of thiazide-like diuretics

Answer 20

1- chlorthalidone
2- indapamide
3- metolazone

Question 21

Two examples of potassium sparing diuretics:

Answer 21

Amiloride
Spironolactone

Question 22

Which class of blood pressure medications are anti-sympathetic nervous system drugs?

Answer 22

Beta-Blockers

Question 23

Therapeutic actions of beta-blockers?

Answer 23

Blocks effects of adrenaline on the heart.
Decreases heart rate and blood pressure.
Improves cardiac function.

Question 24

Prototype drug for antihypertensive beta-blockers:

Answer 24

metoprolol

Question 25

Adverse effects of beta-blockers?

Answer 25

bradychardia

Question 26

Alpha- and Beta-Blockers, which are useful in conjunction with other agents) do what?

Answer 26

Block all receptors in the SNS

Question 27

Two examples of alpha- and beta- blockers:

Answer 27

carvedilol & labetalol

Question 28

Adverse effects of alpha- and beta- blockers?

Answer 28

Fatigue, loss of libido

Question 29

Action of alpha-adrenergic blockers?

Answer 29

Decreases sympathetic tone in the vasculature, causing vasodilation = lowers blood pressure

Question 30

Two examples of alpha-adrenergic blockers

Answer 30

phenoxybenzamine & phentolamine

Question 31

alpha-adrenergic blockers are used to diagnose and manage episodes of what conditions?

Answer 31

pheochromocytoma

Question 32

What is the condition, pheochromocytoma?

Answer 32

A hormone-secreting tumor that can occur in the adrenal gland.

Question 33

Therapeutic action of alpha-1 blockers?

Answer 33

Blocks postsynaptic alpha-1-receptor sites Decreases vascular tone Promotes vasodilation

Question 34

Three examples of alpha1-blockers:

Answer 34

1. doxazosin 2. prazosin 3. terazosin

Question 35

Therapeutic action of alpha2-agonsists

Answer 35

-inhibits the CV centers = decrease in sympathetic outflow from the CNS = drop in BP

Question 36

3 examples of alpha2-agonist medications?

Answer 36

1. clonidine 2. guanfacine 3. methyldopa

Question 37

Adverse effects of alpha2-agonists?

Answer 37

Dysrhythmias

Question 38

Two classes of drugs that are considered antihypotensive agents?

Answer 38

Sympathetic adrenergic agonists vassopressors

Question 39

What is the first choice of drugs for treating severe hypotension or shock ?

Answer 39

sympathomimetic drugs

Question 40

Action of antihypotensive agents?

Answer 40

-reacts with sympathetic adrenergic receptors to cause the effect of sympathetic stress response= 1. increases BP 2. increases blood volume 3. increases strength of cardiac muscle contraction

Question 41

Adverse effects of antihypotensive agents?

Answer 41

1. headache 2. changes in blood flow with numbness 3. tingling 4. gangrene (extreme cases)

Question 42

5 examples of antihypotensive agents?

Answer 42

1. dobutamine 2. dopamine 3. ephedrine 4. epinephrine 5. norepinephrine

Question 43

Therapeutic action of blood-pressure-raising agents (vassopressors)

Answer 43

increases vascular tone in arteries and veins thereby increasing BP

Question 44

Example of blood-pressure-raising agents (vassopressors)

Answer 44

midodrine

Question 45

What condition is midodrine used for?

Answer 45

orthostatic hypotension