Blood Pressure Maintenance

Question 1

1. BP regulation- Short-term basis

Answer 1

interaction of the carotid and aortic baroreceptors, vasomotor center in brainstem and activations of SNS and inhibition of PSNS influences on the heart and smooth muscle in the arterioles. Short-term regulation primarily involves HR and SVR.

Question 2

2. BP regulation- Long-term basis

Answer 2

Complex, involving nervous system, release of hormones and responses of kidneys to pressure changes. The vasomotor center and activation of alpha-receptors in the smooth muscle of the arterioles and beta-receptors of the heart contiue to be involved when changes are sensed by the baroreceptors

Question 3

3. Baroreceptors and SNS job

Answer 3

sense the low BP and the brain signals SNS activation. The SNS increases HR and contractility. This increases the BP by increasing CO.

Question 4

4. RAS system activation

Answer 4

will decrease CFR in kidneys. This causes an increase in fluid retention, which will increase preload. Increased preload will increase CO, which will increase BP. It increases ADH which helps retain water. Aldosterone increases NA+ resorption. Low pressure cases increase in renin release. RAS system is rapid response due to volume loss.

Question 5

5. ANP and BNP

Answer 5

used to decrease BP. They cause salt excretion. They inhibit salt reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Inhibit Aldosterone and renin release. Since water follows salt this will decrease total BV.

Question 6

6. Normal Fluctuations of BP…

Answer 6

occur in a cyclic pattern owing to changes int he body’s internal and external environments.