Blood pressure regulation Flashcards
(23 cards)
what does epinephrine/ norepinephrine do to peripheral resistance
increases resistance via alpha receptors
3 means of short term BP control
NEURAL RESPONSES: exercise pressor reflex, arterial baroreceptor reflex, chemo reflex
3 affectors of cardiac output
hyervolemia, stess, pheochromocytosis
3 affectors of systemic vascular resistance (TPR)
stress, atherosclerosis, increase in angiotensin, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, ischemia, pheochromocytosis
3 conditions monitored by chemoreceptors
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH
arterial chemoreceptors
carotid and aortic bodies- sensing all three conditions
central chemoreceptors
located in medulla- sensing hydrogen ions
response to chemoreceptor reflex
increased TPR
response to baroreceptor reflex
increased hr and TPR
response to exercise pressor reflex
increased vasocontriction to any organ not participating in exercise
What is the order of the RAA cascade
angiotensinogen (liver)-> renin-> angiotensin I-> ACE (pulmon and renal endothel)-> angiotensin II-> aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
effects of Angiotensin II
increased sympathetic activity, NaCl and water reabsorbtion, potassium excretion
what are the 3 atrial responses to the RAA cascade
stretch from venous return= 1)Atrial Natriuretic Factor (reduces renin and aldosterone production), 2)hypothalamic stimulation of adrenal medulla to make ADH, and 3)parasympathetic vasodilation
which of the 3 short-term BP reflexes results from ischemia
exercise pressor reflex (imbalance of supply and demand- tested by occlusion)
which two organs never experience vasoconstriction due to BP reflexes
brain, kidney
what is the purpose of the atrial responses to RAA cascade
to decrease volume via increasing salt and water excretion
how fast do neural BP responses occur
seconds
which BP responses occur in minutes
ANF, renin, and angiotensin
where is the diving reflex located
in the face (nasopharyngeal)
What is the Bainbridge reflex in response to
volume increase
What happens to hr during Bainbridge reflex
hr increases
Why does the hr increase during Cushing reflex
because of ischemia in the medullary cardiovascular centers of the brain
RAA response is due to
Low serum sodium or low blood pressure (RBP)
