Blood Supply Of Head And Neck

Question 1

What are the main ateries of the head and neck and where do they arise from?

Answer 1

The subclavian and common cartoid arteries that arise from the brachiocelphalic trunk

Question 2

What is the origin of the vertebral ateries and where do they travel?

Answer 2

They arise from the subclavian atery and ascend throguh the neck in the foramen transversum in cervical vertebrae 6-1

Question 3

What do the vertbral ateries create?

Answer 3

The basilar ateries that supply the brain

Question 4

From where does the right common cartoid artery arise?

Answer 4

From a biufrication of the brachicelphalic trunk

Question 5

From where does the left common cartoid arise?

Answer 5

Directly from the arch of the aorta

Question 6

Where does the common cartoid bifricate?

Answer 6

About the level of the superior border of the thryoid cartilage (C4)

Question 7

What is the carotid sinus?

Answer 7

A swelling in the region of the biufrication of the common cartoid artery, and has the cartoid body which have peripheral chemoreceptors that detect aterial O2

Question 8

What are the boundaries of the cartoid triangle?

Answer 8

Is a subdivision of the anterior triangle of the nect, the superior border is the posterior belly of the digastric, the lateral border is the sternocleiodmastoid and the medial border is the superior belly of the omohyoid

Question 9

What are the contents of the cartoid triangle?

Answer 9

The internal jugular vein, and the biufrication of the common carotid and the carotid sinus

Question 10

What is the clincial significance of the cartoid triangle?

Answer 10

Important for the surgical approach to the cartoid atery and the jugualar vein, as well as the vagus nerve, and the cartoid pulse can be felt here and it can be used in the cartoid sinus massage that can be used to treat and supraventricular tachycardia

Question 11

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 11

The maxillary and the superifical temporal atery

Question 12

What is the blood supply to the scalp from the internal cartoid atery?

Answer 12

The supraorbital and supratracheal ateries

Question 13

What is the blood supply to the scalp from the external cartoid atery?

Answer 13

The superifical temproal, the posterior auricualr and the occipital atery

Question 14

Why can some injuries to the scalp result in excessive bleeding?

Answer 14

The walls of the ateries are tightly bound to the underlying connective tissue of the scalp, this prevents them from constricting to prevent blood lowss, numerous anstomes produce a dense vasculature and therefore bleeding, and deep lacerations involving the epicranial aponeurosis cause profuse bleeding due to pull of occiptofrontalis

Question 15

When and how is the angular vein formed?

Answer 15

Supraorbial and supratrocheal veins unite at the medial angle of the eye to form the angular vein that drains into the facial vein

Question 16

How does the venous drainage of the scalp connect with the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 16

Veins of the scalp connect to diploic veins of the skull through several emissary veins and this goes to the dural venous sinuses

Question 17

What are the main ateries responsible for the blood supply to the dura and skull?

Answer 17

The anterior and posteior branches of the middle menigeal atery

Question 18

What is a craniotomy and how is blood supply maintained?

Answer 18

A craniotomy is a removal of a segement of cavaria with a soft tissue flap to expose the cranial cavity, and incisions are usually made convex an upward and the superifical temporal atery is included in the tissue flap, and the bone and the scalp are refelted inferiorly to maintain the blood supply

Question 19

What are the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 19

Endothelium lined spaces between the periosteal and menigeal layers of the dura.

Question 20

Name some of the venous sinuses found in the head?

Answer 20

The superior sagittal sinus, the inferior sagiital sinus, the sigmoid sinus, the cavernous sinus and the tranverse sinus

Question 21

What is the cavernous sinuse?

Answer 21

A plexus of extremley thin walled veins, located on each side of the sella turica on the upper surface of the spenoid

Question 22

What are some of the other structures in the cavernous sinus?

Answer 22

The internal cartoid artery, the occulomotor nerve, the trochelar nerve, the abdudcent and the opthalmic and the maxillar brach of the trigemnial