Blood Supply Syndromes Flashcards
(22 cards)
Syndromes reflect ____________.
dysfunction associated with disruption of blood flow in specific areas of the brain
Syndromes can be _________.
partial or complete
the resulting area of hypoxia is greater when the clot is lodged ___________ than __________.
more proximally than more distally within the artery
MCA syndrome: the clinical findings (2)
contralateral hemiplegia and hemianethesia (loss of movement and sensation on one half of the body
If the dominant hemisphere is affected with MCA, what is the result?
global aphasia - loss of fluency, ability to name objects, comprehend auditory information, and repeat language
partial syndrome for MCA (2 syndromes results)
- bracial syndrome: weakness of UE
2. frontal opercular syndrome: facial weakness with motor aphasia (sometimes involves arm weakness)
What happens if wernicke’s aphasia occurs without weakness?
inferior division of the MCA supplying the temporal cortex of the dominat hemisphere has been occluded
Hemiplegia or spatial agnosia without weakness indicates:
inferior division of the MCA in the non-dominant hemisphere is involved
What is ACA (anterior cerebral artery) syndrome?
uncommon; result of embolism; collateral flow is able to compensate; contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss are seen with LE more involved
what is also common in ACA besides contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss?
abulia: delay in verbal and motor response
what is ICA syndrome?
cortex supplied by the MCA territory is affected most often; with a competent circle of willis providing circulation, the occlusion can be asymptomatic
With PCA syndrome, what part of the brain is most affected?
subthalamus, medial thalamus, and ipsilateral cerebral peduncle and midbrain
what are the signs of thalamic syndrome?
abnormal sensation of pain, temp, proprioception, and touch; sensation exaggerated and light touch may be interpreted as painful stimuli
What is the visual field detect associated with PCA syndrome?
homonymous hemianopsia - visual field defect is on the side opposite to the lesion
what is PICA syndrome?
collateral circulation is provided by bilateral component of the vertebral artery so that ischemia often is not manifested in the presence of atherothrombosis
what is affected when there is an infarction of the PICA?
lateral medulla and posteroinferior cerebellum are affected, resulting in wallenberg syndrome
what is wallenberg syndrome associated with?
vertigo, nausea, hoarseness, and dysphagia; ipsilateral ataxia, ptosis, and impairment of sensation in the ipsilateral portion of the face and contralateral portion of the torso/limbs
what is affected with occlusion of the basiary artery?
affects the brainstem, including the corticospinal tracts, corticobulbar tracts, medial and superior cerebellar peduncles, spinothalamic tracts, and CN nuclei - symptoms are bilateral
what is associated with SCA (superior cerebellar artery) syndrome?
severe ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia, nausea and vomiting, and dysarthria or slurring of speech; loss of pain/temp in contralateral extremities/torso/face occurs; dysmetria
what are the signs of AICA syndrome?
ipsilateral deafness, facial weakness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, nystagmus, and ataxia; horner’s syndrome
what does horner’s syndrome consist of?
ptosis, miosis (constriction of pupil), loss of sweating
what is lacunar syndrome?
small infarcts of the end arteries found in the BG, internal capsule and pons; common in patients with HTN and DM
