blood terms

Question 1

Red blood cells are called

Answer 1

Erythrocytes

Question 2

White blood cells are called

Answer 2

Leukocytes

Question 3

Cell fragments formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow via thrombopoiesis are called

Answer 3

Platelets/thrombocytes

Question 4

WBC with cytoplasmic granules are called

Answer 4

granulocytes

Question 5

A type of granulocyte that fights infection by engulfing and destroying bacteria and fungi; Most abundant type

Answer 5

Neutrophil

Question 6

A type of granulocyte involved in fighting parasites and allergic reactions. It releases enzymes that combat invaders

Answer 6

Eosinophil

Question 7

A granulocyte that plays a role in allergic responses by releasing histamine and other chemicals, causing inflammation

Answer 7

Basophil

Question 8

A type of WBC without cytoplasmic granules

Answer 8

Agranulocyte

Question 9

A type of agranulocyte involved in immune defense

Answer 9

Lymphocyte

Question 10

__ cells produce antibodies, __ cell destroy infected cells

Answer 10

B; T

Question 11

A large agranulocyte that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells, helping to engulf and digest pathogens and dead cells

Answer 11

Monocyte

Question 12

Antigen (_________)

Answer 12

Agglutinogen

Question 13

Antibody (__________)

Answer 13

Agglutinin

Question 14

Agglutinogen refers to:

1. Type A and B proteins
2. anti-A and anti-B

Answer 14

1. Type A and B proteins

antigens

Question 15

Agglutinin refers to:

1. Type A and B proteins
2. anti-A and anti-B

Answer 15

2. anti-A and anti-B

anitbodies

Question 16

When agglutinins recognize foreign agglutinogens on RBCs they bind the RBCs together. This is called __________ (clumping)

Answer 16

agglutination

Question 17

The extracellular liquid part of blood that carries cells and nutrients (otherwise called the matrix). Made up of 92% water, but also proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, etc:

Answer 17

Plasma

Question 18

Plasma without clotting factors:

Answer 18

Serum

Question 19

Universal donor

Answer 19

Type O

Question 20

Universal recipient

Answer 20

Type AB

Question 21

Rh-factor (D-agglutinogen) - A protein found on RBCs. If you have it, you are Rh-____, if not, Rh-_____.

Answer 21

positive; negative

Question 22

The percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample, used to measure blood health and oxygen-carrying capacity.

Answer 22

Hematocrit

Question 23

True or False: Anti-D agglutinins are not normally present in the blood?

Answer 23

True.
Anti-D agglutinins are not normally present in the blood, they only form in Rh-negative individuals who are exposed to Rh-positive blood.

Question 24

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

Question 25

A protein that forms a mesh during blood clotting to help stop bleeding

Answer 25

Fibrin

Question 26

Structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 26

Chromosomes

Question 27

A segment of DNA that contains instructions for building a specific protein or regulating a biological function.

Answer 27

Gene

Question 28

Different versions of a gene that can cause variations in a trait

Answer 28

Alleles

Question 29

The genetic makeup of an individual, referring to the specific alleles inherited.

Answer 29

Genotype

Question 30

The observable traits or characteristics of an individual, influenced by the genotype and environment.

Answer 30

Phenotype

Question 31

blood type A has ____ agglutinogens and anti-____ agglutinins

Answer 31

A; B

Question 32

blood type B has ____ agglutinogens and anti-____ agglutinins

Answer 32

B; A

Question 33

blood type AB has ____ & ______ agglutinogens and ____ agglutinin

Answer 33

A & B; neither

Question 34

blood type O has _______ agglutinogen and ____ agglutinins

Answer 34

Neither; Both

Question 35

Type O is the most _____; AB is the ______

Answer 35

Common; Rarest

Question 36

Type A (anti-B) will react with RBC types:

Answer 36

B and AB

Question 37

Type B (anti-A) will react with RBC types:

Answer 37

A and AB

Question 38

Type AB will react with RBC types:

Answer 38

None

Question 39

Type O (anti-A and anti-B) will react with

Answer 39

A, B, and AB, unless plasma (and therefore antibodies) is separated from RBC

Question 40

Homozygous dominant: 1. AA 2. Aa 3. aa

Answer 40

1. AA

Question 41

Heterozygous: 1. AA 2. Aa 3. aa

Answer 41

2. Aa

Question 42

Homozygous recessive: 1. AA 2. Aa 3. aa

Answer 42

3. aa

Question 43

A and B alleles are

Answer 43

Dominant

Question 44

O alleles are

Answer 44

Recessive

Question 45

2 A or A & O alleles result in type

Answer 45

A

Question 46

2 B or B & O alleles result in type

Answer 46

B

Question 47

Two O alleles result in type

Answer 47

O

Question 48

In the Rh blood group ____ is dominant to ____

Answer 48

positive; negative only one positive is necessary to make a person Rh-positive