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Blood transfusion Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What 3 things do BTS check?

A
  1. ABO group
  2. RhD group
  3. Presence of alloantibodies to any red cell antigens in donations
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2
Q

What 6 things do hospital blood banks do?

A 
Full blood group
Antibody screen
Identification of antibodies
Cross matching
Issuing of blood products
Investigation of suspected transfusion reactions
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3
Q

What’s do octapharma and blood products Lab (BPL) do?

A

Prepare blood products from plasma

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4
Q

Define blood products/components.

A

Blood products/components are therapeutic substances prepared from human blood.

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5
Q

What are components?

A

Made from whole blood donations- rbcs ffp, cryoprecipitate and platelets.

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6
Q

What are products?

A

Plasma donations, albumin, coagulation factors, immunoglobulins

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7
Q

What is octaplas ?

A

An alternative ‘product’ to ffp

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8
Q

What is blood made up of? Give percentages

A

Plasma 55%
1% buffy coat made up of WBCs and platelets
45% rbcs

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9
Q

What is plasma made up of?

A

95% water, coagulation factors, immunoglobulins, serum albumin, fibrinogen

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10
Q

What is cryoprecipitate and does it need to be cross matched?

A

It is a blood component made up of clotting factors. Not usually- unlike ffp

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11
Q

Why are white blood cells removed for plasma products? What is this process called?

A

Removed to reduce risk of CJD. Process is called leucodepletion

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12
Q

How do u make cryoprecipitate?

A

Thawing FFP at 4 degrees producing a precipitate which s then frozen rapidly at -25 degrees

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13
Q

What is the supernatant from the FFP defrost processed to make?

A

Plasma products- eg albumin, specific immunoglobulins and coagulation factors

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14
Q

Cost, storage temp, storage length and suspension of Red blood cells?

A

£139, 4degrees, 35 days, resuspended in SAG-M or CPD

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15
Q

Cost, storage temp, storage length and suspension of Platelets?

A

£232, 22degrees, 7 days, suspended in plasma and agitated

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16
Q

Cost, storage temp, storage length and suspension of FFP?

A

£72, -30 degrees, 2 years, adult dose=2 bags

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17
Q

Cost, storage temp, storage length and suspension of cryoprecipitate?

A

£454 , -25degrees, 2 years, adult= 2 bags

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18
Q

When are red cells used?

A

Anaemia or haemorrhage

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19
Q

When is FFP used?

A

Replace clotting factors

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20
Q

When is cryoprecipitate used?

A

To replace fibrinogen or factor VIII

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21
Q

Why are platelets administered?

A

Prevention and treatment of haemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet function defects

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22
Q

What is SAG-M made of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Saline(flow rate), adenine(maintain ATP levels), glucose, mannitol (maintain membrane solubility and prevent cell lysis)

23
Q

What is CPD made of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Citrate, phosphate and dextrose (buffering system and anticoagulant)

24
Q

An RhD positive patient can receive blood from who?

Study These Flashcards
A

RHD+ and RHD -

25
What platelet range should a patient have for 1) operations, massive transfusions or DIC? 2) operations on critical regions or multiple trauma
1) >50 X 10^9/L | 2) >100 X 10^9/L
26
What is a TEG?
Thromboelastogram. Measures viscoelastic properties of clot.
27
Name two conditions that don't require a platelet transfusion
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia (TTP) and Heparin induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
28
True or false: platelet transfusion requires RhD and ABO compatibility
True
29
Fresh frozen plasma is used in what situations? (Name 3)
Replace clotting factors Massive transfusion and surgical bleeding Acute disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
30
FFP should be ABO and RhD compatible
False. Only ABO compatible
31
In under 16s what is FFP treated with to kill DNA and RNA?
Methylene blue treated
32
Below what concentration of fibrinogen should cryoprecipitate be administered?
33
Group A can receive cryoprecipitate from which groups?
A and AB
34
How do u treat red cells and platelets to prevent transfusion associated graft versus host
Gamma irradiation
35
What is CMV?
Cytomegalovirus. Virus in 50%. Causes chronic hepatitis and pneumonitis in immunocomprised.
36
What is albumin used for and what is storage conditions and time?
Used for restoration and maintenance of blood volume. Store at 2-25 degrees and keep for 3 years.
37
What does ant- d do and what is it used for?
Prevention of haemolytic disease f newborn. Given to RhD - woman within 72h of sensitising event. Neutralises any d+ antigens in mothers blood
38
What is novoseven?
Reconstituted FVIIa used to stop uncontrolled bleeding
39
What is octaplex?
Plasma derived prothrombin complex concentrate used to reverse warfarin
40
What is ur front group and back group?
Front group =cells mix with anti a and anti b | Back group= plasma mix with B cells and a cells
41
Blood group AB will agglutinate with what front group and back group?
Front group : Anti-a and anti-b | Back group: none
42
How do you determine D grouping?
Test patients RBCs with two different monoclonal anti-d antibodies
43
Why can't you measure antibodies to D in plasma
Usually not present in circulation for long
44
What method is used to screen for antibodies?
IAT - indirect antiglobulin test. Mix patient plasma with rbcs of known group.
45
What do u do if patient sample tests positive to antibodies in IAT
Use antibody panel with panel of donor rbcs. Use IAT test and enzyme IAT.
46
What reactions are enhanced by enzyme IAT and which are diminished?
Rh is enhanced and MNS and Duffy are diminished
47
How is an antibody excluded or confirmed in an IAT?
Confirmed if 2 cells of either heterozygous or homozygous expression are positive. Negative if 2 cells of homozygous expression of antigen are negative
48
If an antibody is detected in IAT screen what not?
Red cell phenotyping of patients red cells to make sure they don't have antigen that detected (mistake)
49
How do u carry out red cell phenotyping?
Mix patient sample with monoclonal anti sera and test for direct agglutination or indirect agglutination
50
What are the 2 steps of crossmatching
1) select red cells- must be ABO and Rh matched 2) serological crossmatch- patient plasma tested against doner red cells If patient has allo antibodies select antigen negative units.
51
How to manually test ABO/d group?
1) mix one drop of antisera and one drop of red cell solution suspended in saline 2) mix 3) look for agglutination 4) grade agglutination
52
Automated ABO detection.
Dextron acrylamide gel. Card contains anti a, b and d and a1 and b antigens. Patient rbc added to wells and plasma added to wells. Centrifuged- positive agglutination at top net at bottom
53
In gel IAT where is IgM, IgG and negative cells?
Agglutinated IgM is at the top of gel, IgG pushed through gel, interact with anti-IgG in card. Negative cells pass through gel and at bottom
54
An agglutination strength of 4+ = what?
Solid band of red cells at top of gel

Haematology (9 decks)

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