Blood Transfusion = Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How are ABO blood groups determined?

A

ABO gene encodes Glucosyltransferase to produce certain glycans which are added to proteins & lipids on red cells. these are the antigens denoting blood group

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2
Q

What surface antigen is A, B & O?

A

A = N-acetyl-galactosamine
B = Just Galactose
O = No antigen (it’s gene is a non-functional allele)

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3
Q

How are blood groups inherited?

A

O is recessive
A & B are dominant

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4
Q

How do you decide which blood group to give when giving red cells?

A

The donor musn’t have any antigens (A or B) that the recipient doesn’t have or the host will attack the donor cells

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5
Q

So who can give/receive group A red cells?

A

A can give to A or AB (as they won’t react to the donor A antigen)

The can only take from A or O

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6
Q

Who can give/receive group B red cells?

A

B can give to B or AB

Can only take from B or O

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7
Q

Who can give/receive group O red cells?

A

Can donate to anyone (as no antigens)

But can’t receive from anyone but O

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8
Q

Who can give/receive group AB red cells?

A

Only donates to AB and can take from anyone

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9
Q

The rules for donating fresh frozen plasma are different to red cells. How do blood groups affect FFP donation?

A

With FFP donor must have all the antigens the recipient has (can also have extra.) But it won’t work if the recipient has antigens not present in the donor

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10
Q

So who can give/receive group A FFP?

A

Can give to A or O

Receive from A + AB

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11
Q

So who can give/receive group B FFP?

A

Can give to B or O

Can only receive from B or AB

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12
Q

So who can give/receive group AB FFP?

A

Give to A, B, AB or O (so anyone)

Can receive from AB

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13
Q

So who can give/receive group O FFP?

A

O can only donate to O but they can receive from anyone

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14
Q

Other than the ABO blood groups the other main grouping is RhD +ve vs RhD -ve. What’s the danger of RhD?

A

If RhD -ve people receive RhD +ve blood they will create Anti-D antibodies –> Transfusion reaction

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15
Q

How is RhD involved in maternity?

A

An RhD -ve mother can pass on anti-D antibodies to their newborn.
If they’re RhD +ve the newborn will develop haemolytic disease

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16
Q

What do we test a blood donor for before using their blood?

A

Behavioural screen (sex, age, travel, tattoos etc)
ABO & RhD group testing
Inf screening (HEP B,C,E, HIV & syphilis)