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Biology > Blood - Unit 3 > Flashcards

Blood - Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Blood

A

Body fluid which circulates our body and carry a oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products.

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2
Q

Name the 4 Components of Blood

A

Plasma, Red Blood cells (RBC) , White Blood cells (WBC) and platelets.

The following slides will now describe the components and characteristics of the 4 main components of blood

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3
Q

What is Plasma

A

A component in blood

A Golden Liquid that is apart of Blood.
It is 55% of Blood

Of this 55%

90% is water
7% is proteins
3% is dissolved materials transported

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4
Q

Describe the type of proteins present in the 7% of plasma

A

Types of Plasma Proteins:

Antibodies(metabolic proteins) that are produced by WBC’s and help destroy foreign substances

Clotting Proteins form blood clots

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5
Q

Describe the Function(s) of Plasma

A

Transport if materials like:
Glucose
Amino acids
Salts
Carbon Dioxide
Vitamins
Urea
Hormones

Plasma carries heat around the body

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6
Q

What’s Serum

A

Plasma but they clotting Proteins are removed

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7
Q

Uses of serum

A

Used in giving a person an injection of resistance to a disease via injection

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8
Q

What’s are RBC’s

A

A component in blood.

Any following slides until notified otherwise are in regards to RBC’s

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9
Q

Where are RBC’s produced

A

Red bone marrow

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10
Q

What is the name of the pigment/red protein in RBC’s

A

Haemoglobin

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11
Q

State the lifespan of RBC’s aswell as why it’s so short

A

4 months as they lack a nucleas

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12
Q

What happens to dead RBC’s

A

Broken down in the spleen to produce bile

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13
Q

Give another example of a name RBC’s are also called

A

Erythrocytes

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14
Q

What happens to RBC’s as they mature

A

They lose their nucleas

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15
Q

What happens to RBC’s as a result of losing their nucleas

A

They become more flexible

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16
Q

What is the cell organelle/ Name the cell organelle that RBC’s lack

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

What types of shape do RBC’s have

A

Biconcave shape

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18
Q

What does a biconcave shape allow for

A

Increased surface area for more oxygen exchange

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19
Q

What does a flexible membrane allow for

A

Allowed them to easily pass through narrow capillaries

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20
Q

What happens to haemoglobin upon fusing w/ or coming into contact with oxygen from lungs?

A

It becomes oxyhaemoglobin

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21
Q

What’s happends to this oxygenated blood

A

It gets used up by cells in body and gets converted to haemoglobin

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22
Q

What is the main element that haemoglobin is made of

A

Iron

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23
Q

What is the role of haemoglobin in RBC’s

A

Transport of Oxygen

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24
Q

What is anemia

A

Lack of haemoglobin or RBC’s

25
Q

Why would anaemia be caused

A

Lack of iron in diet; i.e iron deficiency

26
Q

What are WBC’s

A

A component in blood

Anything following from now is related to WBC’s until notified otherwise

27
Q

Which is larger WBC or RBC

A

WBC are larger than RBC

28
Q

What type of shape do WBC’s have

A

They actually don’t have definite shape

29
Q

Which is more numerous WBC or RBC and give the ratio

A

WBC are less numero
Usually is in a 700:1 ratio (RBC: WBC)

30
Q

Do WBC’s have a nucleas

A

Yes they do have a nucleas

31
Q

Where are WBC’s made

A

The red bone marrow

32
Q

What is the average lifespan of a WBC

A

Usually ranges from 13-20 days to maybe a few hours etc

33
Q

What is the function of WBC’s

A

To fight infection (by attacking viruses and bacteria)

34
Q

How do WBC’s fight infection

A

Some engulf and digest bacteria

Others produce antibodies to neutralise bacteria

35
Q

Name two WBC’s

A

Monocyte/Phagocyte
Lymphocytes

36
Q

Describe a monocyte

A

Is a large BC that engulfs and digests bacteria by surrounding them

They are also called macrophages (large phages)

They are made in bone marrow

They have a lifespan of 9 days

They have a kidney shaped nucleas

37
Q

Describe a Lymphocyte

A

Made in the bone marrow
Mature in lymphatic system
Stored in the spleen and lymph vessels
Makes antibodies to fight off bacteria
Can survive up to 10 years
Has a round nucleas shape

38
Q

What are platelets

A

A component of blood

Anything from here onwards is related to Platelets.

39
Q

Where are platelets made

A

They are made in the red bone marrow from cell fragments

40
Q

What is the role of platelets in blood

A

To clot the blood

41
Q

What are the functions of blood clots for animals/humans

A

Reduce blood loss
Prevent entry of
micro-organisms

42
Q

What is a haemophiliac

A

A term used to describe those who are unable to clot blood

43
Q

What is the result/aftermath of haemophilia

A

Sever bleeding

44
Q

What is thrombosis

A

Clotting of blood from damaged blood vessel walls

45
Q

What is the result/aftermath of thrombosis

A

A stroke/ A heart attack

46
Q

What are blood groups

A

Blood can be classified into distinct group such as a b ab and I

These are specifically called the ABO blood groups

From here on our it’ll be on blood groups

47
Q

Who discovered humans have 4 major blood groups?

A

Karl Landsteiner

48
Q

Name the four main blood groups

A

A
B
AB
O

49
Q

Why is it important to know a person’s blood type/ why is it important we match a person’s blood type correctly

A

To prevent clumping

50
Q

What happens during clumping

A

Organ damage can occur

51
Q

Which blood group is the universal donor

A

Blood Group O, as it can be freely given to any of the other blood groups

52
Q

Whats rhesus factor

A

Essentially a rhesus factor is the ‘+’ or ‘-‘ following the blood group.

It is another vital blood classification/ group

53
Q

Whats rhesus factor

A

Essentially a rhesus factor is the ‘+’ or ‘-‘ following the blood group.

It is another vital blood classification/ group

54
Q

What are people whose blood group have a rhesus factor called

A

Rhesus positive (have a ‘+’ following there blood group)

55
Q

What are people whose blood group don’t have a rhesus factor called

A

Rhesus negative (have a ‘-‘ following there blood group)

56
Q

Which rhesus group can be given to another?

A

Rhesus negative blood group can be safely transferred to a rhesus positive person

BUT

A rhesus positive person cannot give blood safely / should never been given to a rhesus negative else a serious reaction occurs

57
Q

If John had a rhesus factor and was in blood group O. Can John’s blood be safely donated

A

No.
John is in group:

+
O

And his blood can’t be safely given to a rhesus negative person as a serious and fatal reaction could occur

58
Q

Why should the blood of the mother and embryo never mix

A

They may have different blood groups

They may have different blood pressures

59
Q

How do RBC’s differ to other typical cells

A

RBC’s have no mitochondria and no nucleas but body cells do

RBC’sare biconcave in shape , contain haemoglobin, and are much smaller

Biology (36 decks)

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