Blood - Unit 3

Question 1

What is Blood

Answer 1

Body fluid which circulates our body and carry a oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products.

Question 2

Name the 4 Components of Blood

Answer 2

Plasma, Red Blood cells (RBC) , White Blood cells (WBC) and platelets.

The following slides will now describe the components and characteristics of the 4 main components of blood

Question 3

What is Plasma

Answer 3

A component in blood

A Golden Liquid that is apart of Blood.
It is 55% of Blood

Of this 55%

90% is water
7% is proteins
3% is dissolved materials transported

Question 4

Describe the type of proteins present in the 7% of plasma

Answer 4

Types of Plasma Proteins:

Antibodies(metabolic proteins) that are produced by WBC’s and help destroy foreign substances

Clotting Proteins form blood clots

Question 5

Describe the Function(s) of Plasma

Answer 5

Transport if materials like:
Glucose
Amino acids
Salts
Carbon Dioxide
Vitamins
Urea
Hormones

Plasma carries heat around the body

Question 6

What’s Serum

Answer 6

Plasma but they clotting Proteins are removed

Question 7

Uses of serum

Answer 7

Used in giving a person an injection of resistance to a disease via injection

Question 8

What’s are RBC’s

Answer 8

A component in blood.

Any following slides until notified otherwise are in regards to RBC’s

Question 9

Where are RBC’s produced

Answer 9

Red bone marrow

Question 10

What is the name of the pigment/red protein in RBC’s

Answer 10

Haemoglobin

Question 11

State the lifespan of RBC’s aswell as why it’s so short

Answer 11

4 months as they lack a nucleas

Question 12

What happens to dead RBC’s

Answer 12

Broken down in the spleen to produce bile

Question 13

Give another example of a name RBC’s are also called

Answer 13

Erythrocytes

Question 14

What happens to RBC’s as they mature

Answer 14

They lose their nucleas

Question 15

What happens to RBC’s as a result of losing their nucleas

Answer 15

They become more flexible

Question 16

What is the cell organelle/ Name the cell organelle that RBC’s lack

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

What types of shape do RBC’s have

Answer 17

Biconcave shape

Question 18

What does a biconcave shape allow for

Answer 18

Increased surface area for more oxygen exchange

Question 19

What does a flexible membrane allow for

Answer 19

Allowed them to easily pass through narrow capillaries

Question 20

What happens to haemoglobin upon fusing w/ or coming into contact with oxygen from lungs?

Answer 20

It becomes oxyhaemoglobin

Question 21

What’s happends to this oxygenated blood

Answer 21

It gets used up by cells in body and gets converted to haemoglobin

Question 22

What is the main element that haemoglobin is made of

Answer 22

Iron

Question 23

What is the role of haemoglobin in RBC’s

Answer 23

Transport of Oxygen

Question 24

What is anemia

Answer 24

Lack of haemoglobin or RBC’s

Question 25

Why would anaemia be caused

Answer 25

Lack of iron in diet; i.e iron deficiency

Question 26

What are WBC's

Answer 26

A component in blood Anything following from now is related to WBC's until notified otherwise

Question 27

Which is larger WBC or RBC

Answer 27

WBC are larger than RBC

Question 28

What type of shape do WBC's have

Answer 28

They actually don't have definite shape

Question 29

Which is more numerous WBC or RBC and give the ratio

Answer 29

WBC are less numero Usually is in a 700:1 ratio (RBC: WBC)

Question 30

Do WBC's have a nucleas

Answer 30

Yes they do have a nucleas

Question 31

Where are WBC's made

Answer 31

The red bone marrow

Question 32

What is the average lifespan of a WBC

Answer 32

Usually ranges from 13-20 days to maybe a few hours etc

Question 33

What is the function of WBC's

Answer 33

To fight infection (by attacking viruses and bacteria)

Question 34

How do WBC's fight infection

Answer 34

Some engulf and digest bacteria Others produce antibodies to neutralise bacteria

Question 35

Name two WBC's

Answer 35

Monocyte/Phagocyte Lymphocytes

Question 36

Describe a monocyte

Answer 36

Is a large BC that engulfs and digests bacteria by surrounding them They are also called macrophages (large phages) They are made in bone marrow They have a lifespan of 9 days They have a kidney shaped nucleas

Question 37

Describe a Lymphocyte

Answer 37

Made in the bone marrow Mature in lymphatic system Stored in the spleen and lymph vessels Makes antibodies to fight off bacteria Can survive up to 10 years Has a round nucleas shape

Question 38

What are platelets

Answer 38

A component of blood Anything from here onwards is related to Platelets.

Question 39

Where are platelets made

Answer 39

They are made in the red bone marrow from cell fragments

Question 40

What is the role of platelets in blood

Answer 40

To clot the blood

Question 41

What are the functions of blood clots for animals/humans

Answer 41

Reduce blood loss Prevent entry of micro-organisms

Question 42

What is a haemophiliac

Answer 42

A term used to describe those who are unable to clot blood

Question 43

What is the result/aftermath of haemophilia

Answer 43

Sever bleeding

Question 44

What is thrombosis

Answer 44

Clotting of blood from damaged blood vessel walls

Question 45

What is the result/aftermath of thrombosis

Answer 45

A stroke/ A heart attack

Question 46

What are blood groups

Answer 46

Blood can be classified into distinct group such as a b ab and I These are specifically called the ABO blood groups From here on our it'll be on blood groups

Question 47

Who discovered humans have 4 major blood groups?

Answer 47

Karl Landsteiner

Question 48

Name the four main blood groups

Answer 48

A B AB O

Question 49

Why is it important to know a person's blood type/ why is it important we match a person's blood type correctly

Answer 49

To prevent clumping

Question 50

What happens during clumping

Answer 50

Organ damage can occur

Question 51

Which blood group is the universal donor

Answer 51

Blood Group O, as it can be freely given to any of the other blood groups

Question 52

Whats rhesus factor

Answer 52

Essentially a rhesus factor is the '+' or '-' following the blood group. It is another vital blood classification/ group

Question 53

Whats rhesus factor

Answer 53

Essentially a rhesus factor is the '+' or '-' following the blood group. It is another vital blood classification/ group

Question 54

What are people whose blood group have a rhesus factor called

Answer 54

Rhesus positive (have a '+' following there blood group)

Question 55

What are people whose blood group don't have a rhesus factor called

Answer 55

Rhesus negative (have a '-' following there blood group)

Question 56

Which rhesus group can be given to another?

Answer 56

Rhesus negative blood group can be safely transferred to a rhesus positive person BUT A rhesus positive person cannot give blood safely / should never been given to a rhesus negative else a serious reaction occurs

Question 57

If John had a rhesus factor and was in blood group O. Can John's blood be safely donated

Answer 57

No. John is in group: + O And his blood can't be safely given to a rhesus negative person as a serious and fatal reaction could occur

Question 58

Why should the blood of the mother and embryo never mix

Answer 58

They may have different blood groups They may have different blood pressures

Question 59

How do RBC's differ to other typical cells

Answer 59

RBC's have no mitochondria and no nucleas but body cells do RBC'sare biconcave in shape , contain haemoglobin, and are much smaller