Blood Vessels Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
arteries have ___ blood pressure
A
high
2
Q
systole is ___ blood pressure
A
high
3
Q
____ reduce blood pressure
A
arterioles
4
Q
veins have ____ blood pressure
A
low
5
Q
capillaries have ___ blood pressure
A
low
6
Q
diastole is ____ blood pressure
A
low
7
Q
what are the 3 wall layers of arteries and veins?
A
tunica intima, media, and externa/adventitia
8
Q
___ ____ is the innermost layer of blood vessels
A
tunica intima
9
Q
____ _____ is endothelium that is continuous with the lining of the heart
A
tunica intima
10
Q
internal and external elastic lamina provide blood vessels the ability to ___ and ___
A
expand, recoil
11
Q
___ ____ is the middle layer of blood vessels
A
tunica media
12
Q
____ ____ is made of smooth muscle and is under autonomic innervation
A
tunica media
13
Q
___ ____ is the outermost layer of blood vessels
A
tunica externa/adventitia
14
Q
___ ____ is made of connective tissue and lines blood vessels
A
tunica externa/adventitia
15
Q
____ are the diameter of a single red blood cell
A
capillaries
16
Q
capillaries consist only of _____
A
endothelium
17
Q
what is endothelium made of?
A
simple squamous epithelium and subendothelial
18
Q
what are the 3 types of capillaries?
A
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
19
Q
what type of capillary is permeable to gasses (O2, CO2) and water?
A
continuous
20
Q
what type of capillary is permeable to molecules and peptides (hormones)?
A
fenestrated
21
Q
continuous capillaries are permeable to ___ and ____
A
gasses, water
22
Q
fenestrated capillaries are permeable to ___ and ____
A
molecules, peptides
23
Q
what type of capillary is permeable to protein and cells, and are found in the liver and spleen?
A
sinusoidal
24
Q
sinusoidal capillaries are permeable to ___ and ___
A
proteins, cells
25
where are sinusoidal capillaries found?
liver and spleen
26
the first segment of the aorta is the ___ _____
ascending aorta
27
the second segment of the aorta is the ___
arch
28
the third segment of the aorta is the ___ ____
descending aorta
29
the aorta becomes the abdominal aorta after passing the _____
thorax
30
what are the 3 branches off the arch of the aorta?
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
31
what does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?
right subclavian artery, right common carotid artery
32
the descending aorta exits the thorax and becomes the ____ ____
abdominal aorta
33
the abdominal aorta bifurcates into what?
left and right common iliac arteries
34
what do the left and right common iliac arteries bifurcate into?
internal and external iliac arteries
35
the subclavian artery becomes the ____ ______ once it passes the first rib
axillary artery
36
the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery once it passes what structure?
first rib
37
the axillary artery becomes the ___ ___ once it passes teres major
brachial artery
38
the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery once it passes what muscle?
teres major
39
the ___ ___ ___ branches off of the brachial artery and runs posterior to the humerus
deep brachial artery
40
what muscles receive blood supply from the deep brachial artery?
triceps brachii
41
what does the brachial artery bifurcate into?
radial and ulnar arteries
42
the common interosseous artery stems from what artery?
ulnar
43
the radial and ulnar arteries form the ___ ___ ____
palmar arch arteries
44
what two arteries make up the palmary arch arteries?
radial, ulnar
45
arteries branching from the brachial artery are called ____ _____
collateral arteries
46
collateral arteries branch from the __ ____
brachial artery
47
arteries branching from the radial or ulnar arteries are called ___ ____
recurrent arteries
48
recurrent arteries branch from either the ___ or ___ _____
radial, ulnar arteries
49
___ and ____ arteries anastomose to form collateral circulation
collateral, recurrent
50
what does the common carotid artery bifurcate into?
internal and external carotid arteries
51
the external carotid artery supplies blood to what?
external head
52
the internal carotid artery enters the _____
cranium
53
the internal carotid artery supplies ___ and ___ ___ ____
anterior, middle of cerebral hemispheres
54
the vertebral artery supplies ___ ___ ____
posterior cerebral hemisphere
55
the vertebral artery branches off of the ___ _____
subclavian artery
56
the vertebral artery travels through the ___ ____ of the ___ ____
transverse foramen, cervical vertebrae
57
in the event of occluded internal carotid artery, what are the two options for blood flow?
posterior cerebral/communicating or anterior cerebral/communicating
58
in the event of occluded basilar artery, blood can flow through what?
the middle cerebral artery and posterior communicating arteries
59
what does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?
right and left common iliac arteries
60
where do the common iliac arteries bifurcate?
pelvis
61
what do the common iliac arteries bifurcate into?
internal and external iliac arteries
62
the external iliac artery bifurcates under the _____ ____ to become the ___ ____
inguinal ligament, femoral artery
63
the femoral artery branches into the ___ ___ ____ that travels posterior to the femur
deep femoral artery
64
the deep femoral artery supplies blood to what muscles?
hamstrings
65
the femoral artery becomes the _____ ____
popliteal artery
66
the popliteal artery passes from the ___ to ___ side of the thigh through the ___ _____
anterior, posterior, adductor hiatus
67
the popliteal artery bifurcates into what?
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
68
the posterior tibial artery supplies what muscles?
flexors
69
the posterior tibial artery branches into what artery?
fibular
70
the fibular artery supplies what muscles?
fibularis longus and brevis
71
the fibular artery supplies to the ____ ____ of the leg
lateral compartment
72
the anterior tibia supplies to the ____ ____ of the leg
anterior compartment
73
the anterior tibia supplies what muscles?
extensors
74
what does the anterior tibia branch into?
dorsalis pedis
75
at what landmark does the anterior tibia branch into the dorsalis pedis?
medial/lateral malleolus
76
the dorsalis pedis supplies to the ____ of the foot
dorsum
77
where does the dorsalis pedis terminate?
arcuate artery
78
the posterior tibial artery becomes what artery?
plantar
79
the plantar artery supplies to the ___ of the foot
plantar
80
in the event of a popliteal artery occlusion, collateral circulation around the knee can be achieved because the _____ artery will provide circulation between the ___ artery and ___ and ____ _____ artery
genicular, femoral, anterior and posterior tibial
81
in the event of an anterior or posterior tibial occlusion, collateral circulation can be achieved around the ankle because the ___ artery anastomosis with the ____ artery
arcuate, plantar
82
the thoracic aorta gives rise to what arteries?
posterior intercostal
83
the subclavian artery gives rise to what arteries?
internal thoracic
84
internal thoracic arteries branch off each side of the ____
septum
85
what arteries supply the respiratory diaphragm?
internal thoracic arteries
86
the internal thoracic arteries give off what arteries?
anterior intercostal arteries
87
what arteries supply the intercostal muscles?
anterior and posterior intercostal arteries
88
in the event of an occlusion of the anterior or posterior intercostal arteries, collateral circulation can be achieved because what?
they anastomose
89
the abdominal aorta bifurcates into what?
left and right common iliac arteries
90
what are the 3 major branches from the abdominal artery to supply organs of digestion?
celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
91
what does the celiac trunk supply?
liver, stomach, spleen
92
what does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
small and first part of large intestine
93
what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
second part of colon, rectum
94
what artery supplies the gonads (ovaries, testicles)?
gonadal
95
the gonadal arteries branch off the ____ in ____
aorta, pairs
96
the internal iliac artery supplies to organs of the ____
pelvis
97
what organs are supplied by the internal iliac artery?
bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum, gluteal
98
the internal iliac artery branches into what arteries?
superior and inferior gluteal
99
what muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal artery?
gluteus medias, minimus, and tensor fascia lata
100
veins begin ____ to capillaries as ____
distal, venules
101
veins take blood from ___ to ____
body, heart
102
what are the 3 layers of a vein?
tunica intima, tunica media, tunia externa
103
do veins have internal and external elastic lamina?
no
104
veins have a thick ___ ____
tunica media
105
veins have ____ to prevent backflow due to the ___ pressure
valves, low
106
____ ____ pump blood through veins
skeletal muscles
107
___ veins travel with arteries and have the same names
deep
108
superficial veins travel in the _____
hypodrmis
109
what makes up the confluence of sinuses?
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, strait sinus, occipital sinus
110
the confluence of sinuses is drained into the _____ _____
transverse sinuses
111
the transverse sinus becomes the ___ ____
sigmoid sinus
112
the sigmoid sinus exits the cranium through the ___ _____
jugular foramen
113
the jugular foramen becomes the ___ ___ ___when it exits the cranium
internal jugular veins
114
the ___ ___ ___ and ____ combine to form the brachiocephalic veins
internal jugular vein, subclavian
115
what are the 3 main superficial veins of the upper extremity?
cephalic, basilic, median cubital
116
the basilic veins empties into the ___
brachial
117
the basilic and brachial veins come together to form the ____ vein
axillary
118
the cephalic vein empties into the ____
axillary
119
the dorsalis pedis vein drains what?
dorsum of foot
120
the anterior tibial vein drains what?
anterior compartment of leg
121
the plantar vein drains what?
plantar foot
122
the posterior tibial vein drains what?
posterior compartment of leg
123
the fibular vein drains what?
lateral compartment of leg
124
the deep femoral vein drains what?
posterior compartment of thigh
125
what superficial vein of the lower extremity begins superior to the medial malleolus, ascends the medial side of the leg and thigh, and empties into the femoral vein?
great saphenous
126
what superficial vein of the lower extremity begins inferior to the lateral malleolus, ascends up the posterior side of the leg, and empties into the popliteal vein?
small saphenus
127
the ___ ___ ___ drains the arm and head into the heart
superior vena cava
128
the ___ ___ ___ drains the abdomen and lower extremity into the heart
inferior vena cava
129
deoxygenated blood from the intercostal muscles drain into the ___ ___ ____
anterior intercostal vein
130
deoxygenated blood from the respiratory diaphragm drains into the ___ ___ ____
internal thoracic vein
131
the anterior intercostal vein drains into the ___ ___ ____
internal thoracic vein
132
the internal thoracic vein drains into the ___ ____
subclavian vein
133
posterior intercostal veins drain into what system?
axygos system of veins
134
the azygos system of veins carries deoxygenated blood into the ___ ___ ____
superior vena cava
135
what part of the azygos system is on the right side?
azygos vein
136
what part of the azygos system is on the left side?
accessory hemiazygos, hemiazygos
137
the femoral vein becomes what abdominal vein?
external iliac (in pelvis)
138
the internal and external iliac veins from the pelvis form the ___ ___ _____
common iliac veins
139
the common iliac veins combine to form the __ ___ ____
inferior vena cava
140
renal veins carry deoxygenated blood from the kidney and empty into the ___ ___ ___
inferior vena cava
141
the ____ renal vein is longer because it travels over the ____ _____
left, abdominal aorta
142
the ___ renal vein is very short
right
143
____ veins carry deoxygenated blood from ovaries and testicles
gonadal
144
venous blood from digestive organs carry ____ that must go to the ___ via ___ ___ ____ for metabolism and storage
nutrients, liver, hepatic portal veins
145
the ___ and ____ ___ ____ drain the intestines
superior and inferior mesenteric veins
146
the ____ veins drain the spleen
splenic
147
caval venous drainage comes from veins that drain into the ___ ___ ___
inferior vena cava
148
renal, gonadal, and internal iliac veins are what type of drainage?
caval venous drainage
149
portal venous drainage comes from veins that drain organs of digestion and empty into the ___ ___ ___
hepatic portal vein
150
intestinal, splenic, and stomach veins are what type of drainage?
portal venous drainage
