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ANP 2 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of veins and arteries?

A

The tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

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2
Q

The diameter of the lumen is wider in veins or arteries?

A

Veins

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3
Q

What is in the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium, subendothelial layer, internal elastic membrane (in arteries)

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4
Q

What is in the tunica media?

A

smooth muscles and elastic fibers as well as more external elastic membrane (in arteries)

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5
Q

What is in the tunica externa?

A

It is rich in collagen fibers and has vasa vasorum which are tiny blood vessels that serve the heart wall.

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6
Q

What do veins have that arteries don’t?

A

Valves

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7
Q

What is the makeup of a capillary?

A

A basement membrane outside of endothelial cells

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8
Q

What are the three types of arterial vessels? What are their characteristics?

A

Elastic Arteries are thick walled, large diameter, and are close to the heart
Muscular arteries distribute blood to organs and have more smooth muscle than elastin due to a more even pressure
Arterioles generally have a tunica media of entirely smooth muscle and determine which capillary beds are flushed

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9
Q

What substance is found a lot in elastic arteries?

A

Elastin

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10
Q

What are the three types of capillaries? Where are they found?

A

Continuous capillaries (least leaky), skin, brain, muscles
Fenestrated Capillaries, small intestine, kidneys, endocrine
Sinusoidal capillaries (most leaky), liver, bone marrow

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11
Q

What is microcirculation?

A

It is the flow of blood from an arteriole to a venule through a capillary bed

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12
Q

What is a true capillary

A

An actual exchange vessel

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13
Q

What are some factors aiding venous return?

A
  1. Venous valves plus the muscular pump
  2. The respiratory pump (decrease pressure in thoracic cavity)
  3. Sympathetic vasoconstriction
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14
Q

What is the formula for pulse pressure?

A

Systolic P - Diastolic P

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15
Q

What is the formula for MP?

A

Diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure

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16
Q

How is resistance measured?

A

Proportional to = Length*viscosity / radius ^ 4

17
Q

Where is most blood found?

A

The venous system

18
Q

Why are pressure points called that?

A

They are areas where when pressure is applied it closes down the artery.

19
Q

How would one treat short term and long term blood pressure issues?

A

Short term would deal with resistance (blood vessel diameter), and long term help would be needed at the kidney level

20
Q

What is the vasomotor tone?

A

It is a constant output of NE to arterioles

21
Q

Where is the vasomotor center located?

A

The medulla

22
Q

Where does vasomotor input come from?

A

Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and higher brain centers

23
Q

Where are baroreceptors found?

A

The carotid sinuses and aortic arch

24
Q

What does increased MAP lead to?

A

dilation of arterioles, venodilation, and inhibition of the symp ns

25
Q

What happens of O2 is too low, or CO2 concentration is too high?

A

chemoreceptors will reflexively vasoconstrict and speed the return of blood to the heart and lungs

26
Q

What are the 4 blood pressure hormones?

A

Adrenal medulla hormones = NE
Angiotensin II = generalized vasoconstriction, also release of long term hormones
ANP = generalized vasodilation
ADH = long term vasoconstriction, a lot at once can lead to vasoconstriction in severe cases

27
Q

What is direct renal mechanism?

A

increased water volume/pressure causes increased filtrate

28
Q

What is indirect renal action?

A

If MAP decreases, the kidneys will undergo reactions to yield angiotensin II, which secretes aldosterone, which increases absorption of Na+, and ADH also promotes water reabsorption

29
Q

What is myogenic control of veins?

A

It is a response to stretch with increased tone to vasoconstrict, but decreased stretch = vasodilation

30
Q

What is the result of myogenic vein control?

A

homeostasis so cells aren’t deprived in low bp and capillaries aren’t damaged in high bp

31
Q

How close does a cell need to be to a capillary?

A

0.02mm

32
Q

What is NFP?

A

Net filtration pressure is the outwards pressures minus the inward pressures

ANP 2 (4 decks)

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