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Anatomy Of The Cardiovasculuar System > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What blood vessel has a different structure than the rest?

A

Capillaries

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2
Q

What is the normal structure of the blood vessels?

A

Consists of a three layered wall

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3
Q

What are the three walls?

A

Tunica intima (inner most layer), tunica media (middle layer) and tunica Adventitia (outer layer)

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4
Q

What does the intima layer consist of?

A

A single sheet of endothelial cells resting on a thin layer of connective tissue

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5
Q

What is the main barrier to plasma proteins?

A

Endothelial and secretes many vasoactive products

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6
Q

Describe the media

A

Consists of a later of smooth muscle of varying thickness in a matrix of elastin and collagen

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7
Q

What does the media later supply?

A

Mechanical strength, elasticity and contractile power to the vessel

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8
Q

Describe the adventitia

A

A connective tissue sheath with no distinct outer boarder

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9
Q

What is the main role of the adventitia?

A

To tether vessels loosely in place

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10
Q

What is found in large arteries?

A

Contains a blood vessel network called the vasa vasorum which is responsible for nourishing the media

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11
Q

What do some large arteries penetrate?

A

The outer tunica media

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12
Q

What do some large vessels also contain?

A

Small diameter nocicpetive sensory fibres and sympathetic nerve plexi

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13
Q

What are nociceptive sensory fibres?

A

A receptor (like the skin) for nocicpetive stimuli (a pain sense organ)

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14
Q

Describe elastic arteries

A

Diameter of 1-2cm, walls are very distensible

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15
Q

How are the walls distensible in elastic arteries?

A

The walls expand during systole to receive the stroke volume of ventricular ejection and recoil during diastole to create an almost constant flow in more distal tissues

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16
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

The blood pressure created by the elastic recoil

17
Q

What are some examples of elastic arteries?

A

Aorta, pulmonary artery and iliac arteries

18
Q

Describe the conduit (muscular) arteries

A

Diameter 0.1-1cm, tunica media is thicker relative to the lumen of the vessels, media contains more smooth muscle and are highly innervated by the autonomic nervous system

19
Q

Why is it good that the media contains smooth muscle?

A

As it prevents collapse at sharp ends such as the elbow

20
Q

What do muscular arteries play a big role in?

A

Limitation of blood loss in major trauma

21
Q

What are examples of muscular arteries?

A

Radial, cerebral and coronary arteries

22
Q

Describe arterioles

A

Diameter less than 0.1 and are the main site of blood flow regulation to tissues

23
Q

Why are arterioles the main resistance vessels?

A

Because of their narrow lumen and large numbers of

24
Q

Describe proximal arterioles

A

Have many layers of smooth muscle and are richly innervated by sympathetic (vasoconstrictor) nerve fibres

25
Q

Describe distal arterioles

A

Have only 1-3 layers of smooth muscle and are poorly innervated by sympathetic fibres

26
Q

Describe capillaries

A

Diameter of 0.004-0.007cm, the walls consist of only a single layer of endothelial cells

27
Q

What is the pressure like in capillaries?

A

Low and is the slowest - facilitates exchanges of nutrients, gases and waste product

28
Q

What are the different types of capillaries?

A

Continuous, fenestrated and sinusoid

29
Q

Describe the arteriovenous anastomosis

A

Diameter of 0.02-0.135cm, only found in a few tissues, they are a wide shunt vessel which bypass the capillary beds

30
Q

What tissues are arteriovenous anastomosis found in?

A

The skin and nasal mucosa

31
Q

What are arteriovenous anastomosis richly innervated with?

A

Sympathetic nerve fibres

32
Q

What do arteriovenous anastomosis do in nasal mucosa?

A

Help warm inspired air

33
Q

What do arteriovenous anastomosis do in the skin?

A

They are involved with sympathetic nerve fibres

34
Q

What is the diameter of veins?

A

Less than 0.2cm

35
Q

What is the diameter of venules?

A

Has a diameter of 0.5cm to 0.2cm

36
Q

Describe veins and venules (they only differ in size and number)

A

They have a thin tunica media composed of smooth muscle and collagen

37
Q

What do thin walls mean in veins and venules?

A

Thin walls means they are easily distended and often collapse

38
Q

What does the tunica intima have in limbs?

A

Possesses Pairs of valves that prevent backflow

39
Q

What are veins and venules also called?

A

Capacitance vessels because they contain up to 2/3 of circulating blood at any one time

Anatomy Of The Cardiovasculuar System (21 decks)

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