Blood Vessels

Question 1

arteries

Answer 1

carry blood away from heart

Question 2

veins

Answer 2

carry blood towards heart

Question 3

capillaries

Answer 3

exchange site for oxygen, nutrients, and waste

diffusion is the exchange

Question 4

tunics

Answer 4

-intima
-media
-externa

Question 5

tunica intima

Answer 5

innermost layer of a blood vessel, thin layer of endothelial cells and connective tissue

regulates blood vessel function

Question 6

tunica media

Answer 6

middle layer of a blood vessel, composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

controls vessel diameter through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, regu

Question 7

tunica externa

Answer 7

outermost layer of a blood vessel, made of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

structural support

Question 9

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer 9

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

Question 10

What are the three tunics of blood vessels?

Answer 10

Intima, Media, Externa

Question 11

What is the role of the endothelium in blood vessels?

Answer 11

It lines the lumen of blood vessels.

Question 12

Define vasoconstriction.

Answer 12

Narrowing of blood vessels

Question 13

Define vasodilation.

Answer 13

Widening of blood vessels

Question 14

What are elastic arteries known for?

Answer 14

Largest diameter, pressure reservoirs

Question 15

What characterizes muscular arteries?

Answer 15

Specific organs, thick tunica media

Question 16

What are arterioles?

Answer 16

Small arteries that lead to capillaries

Question 17

What are anastomoses?

Answer 17

Interconnections between blood vessels

Question 18

Which organs have no or poor anastomoses?

Answer 18

Retina, kidneys, spleen

Question 19

What are the types of capillaries?

Answer 19

• Continuous
• Fenestrated
• Sinusoid

Question 20

What is a capillary bed?

Answer 20

Networks of capillaries for microcirculation

Question 21

What is the pathway from terminal arteriole to true capillary?

Answer 21

Terminal arteriole → metarteriole → precapillary sphincter → true capillary

Question 22

What is the function of venules?

Answer 22

Collect blood from capillaries

Question 23

What are the characteristics of veins?

Answer 23

Thin walls, large lumens, capacitance vessels

Question 24

What causes varicose veins?

Answer 24

Dilated veins due to leaky valves

Question 25

What is meant by 'blood flow'?

Answer 25

Inverse to resistance

Question 26

What does blood pressure measure?

Answer 26

Force by blood on vessel wall

Question 27

What factors influence peripheral resistance?

Answer 27

* Viscosity * Length of vessel * Vessel radius

Question 28

What drives circulation?

Answer 28

Pressure gradient

Question 29

What is the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

Answer 29

Average blood pressure in a person's arteries

Question 30

What are the two components of Arterial BP?

Answer 30

* Systolic * Diastolic

Question 31

What are the mechanisms that help maintain blood pressure?

Answer 31

* Neural controls * Hormonal controls

Question 32

What is the role of baroreceptors?

Answer 32

Provide input to the cardiovascular center

Question 33

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 33

Reduced blood volume leading to drops in blood pressure upon standing

Question 34

What are the vital signs related to blood pressure?

Answer 34

Pulse, pressure points, auscultatory method

Question 35

What is the definition of hypertension?

Answer 35

>140/90 mmHg

Question 36

What is tissue perfusion?

Answer 36

Oxygen and nutrients delivered to cells

Question 37

What factors control blood flow?

Answer 37

* Nitric oxide * Endothelins * Inflammatory chemicals

Question 38

What is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 38

Shock due to decreased blood volume

Question 39

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 39

Shock due to inadequate heart function