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Cardiovascular System > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning of hemo

A

Blood

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2
Q

Meaning of dynamics

A

Power

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3
Q

The force involved in circulating blood throughout the body;and on the blood vessels that constitute the major circulatory routes

A

Hemodynamics

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4
Q

Production of new blood vessels

A

Angiogenesis

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5
Q

Where does exchange of materials occur?

A

Walls of capillaries & and beginning of venules

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6
Q

Parts of a blood vessel

A

Lumen
Tunica interna/intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa/adventitia

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7
Q

Hollow center through which blood flows

A

Lumen

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8
Q

Lines lumen or interior of the BVs

A

Tunica interna/intima

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9
Q

Decreases friction as blood flows through lumen

A

Tunica interna/intima

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10
Q

Has physical influence on blood flow,secretion of chemical mediators,and assistance with capillary permeability

A

Endothelium

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11
Q

Anchors endothelium and regulates movement

A

Basement membrane

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12
Q

Thin sheet with openings to facilitate diffusion

A

Internal elastic lamina

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13
Q

Middle coat

A

Tunica media

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14
Q

Supports,anchors, and protects the vessels

A

Tunica externa/adventitia

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15
Q

Outermost coat

A

Tunica externa/adventitia

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16
Q

Blood vessels that supply blood vessels

A

Vasa vasorum

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17
Q

Largest artery

A

Elastic arteries

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18
Q

Help propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing

A

Elastic arteries

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19
Q

“Conducting arteries”

A

Elastic arteries

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20
Q

Medium-sized arteries

A

Muscular arteries

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21
Q

Large amount of smooth muscles and fewer elastic fibers

A

Muscular arteries

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22
Q

Capable of greater vasoconstriction/dilation

A

Muscular arteries

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23
Q

Ability to contract and maintain partial contraction

A

Vascular tone

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24
Q

“Distributing arteries”

A

Muscular arteries

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25
Q

Union of the branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region

A

Anastomoses

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26
Q

Alternative route of blood flow to a body part through anastomosis

A

Collateral circulation

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27
Q

Can occur between veins,between arterioles and venules

A

Anastomoses

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28
Q

Small arteries with areolar CT containing unmyelinated sympathetic nerves at the tunica externa

A

Arterioles

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29
Q

Regulate the flow of blood into the capillary networks of the body tissues by regulating resistance

A

Arterioles

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30
Q

Terminal end of arteriole,tapers toward capillary junction

A

Metarteriole

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31
Q

Distal most muscle cells in the metarteriole-capillary junction;monitors blood flow to capillaries

A

Precapillary sphincter

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32
Q

“Resistance vessels”

A

Arterioles

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33
Q

Parts of capillaries

A

Lumen
Endothelium
Basement membrane

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34
Q

Flow of blood from a metarteriole through capillaries and into apostcapillary venule

A

Microcirculation

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35
Q

Forms extensive branching networks that increases SA available for rapid exchange of materials between the blank

A

Capillary bed

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36
Q

“Exchange vessels”

A

Capillary bed

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37
Q

Most common,plasma membranes form continuous tube interrupted by intercellular clefts

A

Continuous capillaries

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38
Q

Where can you find continuous capillaries?

A

CNS,lungs,skin,muscle tissue,skin

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39
Q

Have many small pores from 70-100 nm in diameter

A

Ferrestrated capillaries

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40
Q

Small pores

A

Fenestrations

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41
Q

Where can you find fenestrated capillaries

A

Kidneys,villi of small int, choroid plexus,cilliary process, and most endocrine glands

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42
Q

Wider and more curved that other capillaries

A

Sinusoids

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43
Q

Unusually large fenestrations

A

Sinusoids

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44
Q

Incomplete or absent basement membrane

A

Sinusoids

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45
Q

Very large intercellular clefts (allow proteins and even blood to pass through)

A

Sinusoids

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46
Q

Where can sinusoids be found?

A

Liver,spleen,anterior pituitary,parathyroid and adrenal glands

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47
Q

Collect blood from capillaries and drain into veins

A

Venules

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48
Q

Carry blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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49
Q

Has thin walls

A

Venules & veins

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50
Q

Principle blood reservoirs

A

Arteries & arterioles 15%
Capillaries 5%
Venules & veins 60%

51
Q

Venules that are very porous,exchange of nutrients,wastes,WBC emigration

A

Postcapillary venules

52
Q

Types of blood vessels

A 
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
53
Q

Venules that have thicker walls; no exchanges

A

Muscular venules

54
Q

Appear blue and have very thin walls; more numerous than arteries

A

Veins

55
Q

Thin folds of tunica interna that form flaplike cusps

A

Valves

56
Q

Vein with thin endothelial wall without smooth muscle to alter its diameter

A

Vascular sinus

57
Q

Due to leaky or weak or damaged venous valves

A

Varicose veins

58
Q

Parts where varicose veins commonly occur

A

Esophagus and lower limbs

59
Q

Causes of varicose veins

A

Congenital, mechanical and aging

60
Q

Smaller than varicose veins and closer to the surface of the skin; can be found on the legs and face

A

Spider veins

61
Q

Movement of substances between blood plasma and IF

A

Capillary Exchange

62
Q

Based on concentration gradient (high to low); more important for solute exchange between plasma and IF

A

Diffusion

63
Q

Type of capillaries in the BBB

A

Continuous capillaries

64
Q

Small water soluble substances such as glucose and amino acids pass through ____ or ____

A

Fenestrations or intercellular clefts

65
Q

All plasma solutes pass easily across the capillary walls except ____

A

Proteins

66
Q

Aka vesicular transport; for large, lipid insoluble molecules that cannot cross the capillary wall

A

Transcytosis

67
Q

Passive process; faster rate than diffusion; pressure-driven (high to low); large numbers of ions, molecules or particles in a fluid move together in the same direction

A

Bulk flow

68
Q

Pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from BC to IF; driven by BHP and IFOP

A

Filtration

69
Q

Pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from IF to BC; driven by IFHP and BCOP

A

Reabsorption

70
Q

Law that states that the volume of fluid and solutes reabsorbed normally is almost as large as the volume filtered

A

Starling’s law of capillaries

71
Q

Arterial end of capillary: net outward pressure =

A

Filtration

72
Q

Venous end of capillary: net inward pressure =

A

Reabsorption

73
Q

Factors affecting resistance

A

Size of lumen, blood viscosity, total blood vessel lengtha

74
Q

Size of lumen is ____ proportional to resistance

A

Inversely

75
Q

Blood viscosity is ___ proportional

A

Directly

76
Q

Total blood vessel length is ___ proportional

A

Directly

77
Q

Higher cross sectional area, lower/higher? velocity

A

Lower

78
Q

Hormonal regulation of BP

A

RAAS, E/NE, ADH, ANP

79
Q

Meaning of RAAS

A

Renin-Angiostenin Aldosterone System

80
Q

Enhance water absorption by the kidneys —> vasoconstriction; also known as Vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic hormone

81
Q

Found in adrenal medulla; inc heart rate and contractility

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

82
Q

Release by cells in the atria; vasodilation by promoting loss of salt and water in the urine

A

Atrial natiuretic peptide

83
Q

Neural regulation of BP

A

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

84
Q

Pressure sensitive sensory receptors

A

Baroreceptor reflexes

85
Q

2 most imp baroreceptor reflexes

A

Aortic and carotid sinus reflex

86
Q

Baroreceptors in the wall pf the ascending and arch of aorta; reach vagus nerve (CN X)

A

Aortic reflex

87
Q

Helps maintain normal BP in the brain; via glossophayngeal nerves (CN IX)

A

Carotid sinus reflex

88
Q

Governs the general systemic BP

A

Aortic reflex

89
Q

Prone position increases/decreases BP because stretched baroreceptors

A

Increases

90
Q

Caused by decreased BP in the head and upper part of the body

A

Orthostatic hypotension

91
Q

Sensory receptors that monitor the chemical composition of the blood

A

Chemoreceptor reflexes

92
Q

Ability of a tissue to automatically adjust its blood flow to match its metabolic demands

A

Autoregulation of BP

93
Q

Vasodilating substances

A

K+, H+, Lactic Acid, Adenosine, Nitric oxide, Kinnins and histamines

94
Q

Vasoconstricting substances

A

TXA2, superoxide radicals, serotonin, endothelins

95
Q

Failure of CVS to deliver enough O2 and nutrients to meet cellular metabolic needs

A

Shock

96
Q

Shock due to decreased blood volume

A

Hypovolemic shock

97
Q

Shock due to poor heart function

A

Cardiogenic shock

98
Q

Shock due to inappropriate vasodilation

A

Vascular shock

99
Q

Shock due to insect bites

A

Anaphylactic shock

100
Q

Shock due to trauma to the head

A

Neurogenic shock

101
Q

Shock due to bacterial toxins

A

Septic shock

102
Q

Shock due to obstruction of blood flow

A

Obstructive shock

103
Q

Delivers oxygen to all body cells and carries away wastes

A

Systemic circulation

104
Q

Eliminates carbon dioxide via the lungs and oxygenates the blood

A

Pulmonary circulation

105
Q

Vein that carries blood from one capillary network to another

A

Portal vein

106
Q

Vein that receives blood from GI organs and spleen

A

Hepatic portal vein

107
Q

Vein that drains blood from the small and portions of the large intestine, stomach and pancreas

A

Superior mesenteric vein

108
Q

Drains blood from the stomach, pancreas and portions of the large intestine

A

Splenic vein

109
Q

Vein that passes into splenic veins, drains portions of the large intestines

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

110
Q

Drains stomach

A

Right and left gastric veins

111
Q

Vein in gallbladder

A

Cystic vein

112
Q

Drains the liver and delivers to inferior VC

A

Hepatic veins

113
Q

Supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis and lega

A

Abdominal aorta

114
Q

Umbilical arteries become

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

115
Q

Umbilical veins become

A

Ligamentum teres

116
Q

Ductus venosus becomes

A

Ligamentum venosum

117
Q

Ductus arteriosus becomes

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

118
Q

Foramen ovale becomes

A

Fossa ovalis

119
Q

Transfer oxygenated blood from subclavian arteries to basilar artery

A

Vertebral artery

120
Q

Transfer from the vertebral to the circle of willis

A

Basilar artery

121
Q

Transfer oxygenated blood from the common carotid to the neck of circle of willis

A

Internal carotid artery

122
Q

Transfer oxygenated blood from incoming arteries to deep internal arteries of brain

A

Circle of Willis

123
Q

Cerebral arterial circle

A

Circle of Willis

124
Q

Homeostatic responses to shock

A

Activation of RAAS, Secretion of ADH, Activation of sympathetic ANS

Cardiovascular System (3 decks)

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