Blood vessels/Nerves/Organs/Lymphatics of Neck

Question 1

what does the common carotid branch off of?

Answer 1

R: brachiocephalic

L: aortic arch

Question 2

what is it called when the common carotid splits?

Answer 2

carotid bifurcation

Question 3

Divisions of carotid bifurcation?

Answer 3

Internal and External Caroitd

Question 4

internal carotid destination?

Answer 4

brain and circle of Willis

Question 5

what is located within the Internal Carotid artery?

Answer 5

carotid sinus and carotid body

Question 6

what does the carotid sinus sense?

Answer 6

Blood pressure via baroreceptors

Question 7

what does the carotid body sense?

Answer 7

pH, CO2 via chemoreceptors

Question 8

External Carotid artery destination?

Answer 8

soft structures of superficial head, supply the upper neck, surface and head

Question 9

branches of Subclavian artery

Answer 9

1) . Vertebral arteries,
2) . Thyrocervical trunk,
3) . Costocervical trunk
4) . Internal thoracic artery

Question 10

Vertebral arteries destination

Answer 10

brain (travel through cervical transverse foramen and then through the foramen magnum

Question 11

Thyrocervical trunk destinations

Answer 11

1) . muscles at base of neck, scapula,
2) . thyroid
3) . cervical structure

Question 12

Costocervical trunk destinations

Answer 12

1) . ribs
2) . cervical structures

Question 13

Internal thoracic artery destination

Answer 13

anterior rib cage

Question 14

venous supply of the neck and skull

Answer 14

Jugular veins (internal, external and anterior)

Question 15

what does the internal jugular vein do?

Answer 15

drains blood from brain

Question 16

what does the external jugular vein do?

Answer 16

drains superficial structures of the head

Question 17

what does the anterior jugular vein do?

Answer 17

empties into external jugular vein at base of neck to give jugular venous arch

Question 18

Vagus nerve structural destinations

Answer 18

tongue, pharynx, thorax, and abdomen

Question 19

branches of Vagus nerve

Answer 19

1) . right recurrent laryngeal
2) . left recurrent laryngeal
3) . cardiac branches
4) . pharyngeal branches

Question 20

Right recurrent laryngeal branch

Answer 20

loops around R subclavian artery to trachea, esophagus and muscles of larynx

Question 21

Left recurrent laryngeal branch

Answer 21

loops around aortic arch to trachea, esophagus, and muscles of larynx

Question 22

Cardiac branches of the vagus nerve feed into what?

Answer 22

cardiac plexus of heart

Question 23

what forms the Cervical Plexus?

Answer 23

ventral rami C1-C4 unit to form loops

Question 24

Cervical Plexus branches

Answer 24

1) . Ansa cervicalis
2) . Phrenic nerves
3) . Sensory nerves

Question 25

Sensory nerves off of cervical plexus

Answer 25

1) . lesser occipital n (C2) 2) . great auricular n (C2, 3) 3) . transverse cervical n (C3, 4) 4) . supraclavicular n (C3, 4)

Question 26

what are the sympathetic trunks

Answer 26

groups of neurons from upper Thoracic lateral horn of spinal cord, extend along either side of Vert column from sacrum to base of skull

Question 27

3 cervical ganglia

Answer 27

1. superior ganglion 2. middle ganglion 3. inferior ganglion

Question 28

superior cervical ganglion form what post-ganglionic nerves?

Answer 28

1) . superior cervical cardiac nerve to cardiac plexus 2) . arterial branches 3) . internal carotid (sympathetic) plexus

Question 29

thyroid gland location

Answer 29

anterior neck at C5-T1

Question 30

thyroid gland function

Answer 30

secretes T3 and T4 hormone (metabolism) and calcitonin

Question 31

what does calcitonin do?

Answer 31

stimulates CA storage, decreased blood Ca, and increases bone absorption of Ca

Question 32

Hyperthyroid hormones result

Answer 32

Addison's disease

Question 33

thyroid gland vasculature

Answer 33

superior branches of external carotid artery and inferior branches of subclavian artery

Question 34

thyroid gland innervation

Answer 34

cervical sympathetic ganglia

Question 35

parathyroid gland location

Answer 35

4 glands located on posterior thyroid

Question 36

parathyroid gland function

Answer 36

secretes PTH

Question 37

what does PTH do?

Answer 37

increase blood Ca, can decrease bone density (no PTH is fatal)

Question 38

parathyroid vasculature

Answer 38

inferior thyroid artery branching from subclavian

Question 39

parathyroid innervation

Answer 39

cervical sympathetic ganglia

Question 40

larynx location

Answer 40

connects pharynx to trachea at C3-C6 level

Question 41

Larynx function

Answer 41

sound production, prevents compression/closure of airway during swallowing

Question 42

Laryngeal skeleton

Answer 42

9 pieces of cartilage

Question 43

9 laryngeal cartilage pieces

Answer 43

1) . thyroid cartilage (2) 2) . cricoid cartilage 3) . arytenoids cartilage (2) 4) . vocal ligaments (2) 5) . epiglottis 6). glottis

Question 44

what forms the Adam's apple?

Answer 44

anterior fused section of the thyroid cartilage

Question 45

significance of thyroid cartilage movement

Answer 45

protraction and retraction of thyroid important to sound modulation

Question 46

cricoid cartilage connection to trachea

Answer 46

cricotracheal ligament

Question 47

what forms the vocal fold?

Answer 47

arytenoid cartilage attached to vocal ligaments

Question 48

where are the vocal ligaments?

Answer 48

extend from mid-line of thyroid cartilage anteriorly to arytenoids cartilage posteriorly; connect to cricoid by conus elasicus

Question 49

epiglottis location

Answer 49

inferior end attached to ant thyroid cartilage, attached to arytenoids by aryepiglotic ligament

Question 50

intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervation

Answer 50

CN 10

Question 51

laryngeal blood vessles

Answer 51

superior branches from external carotid artery inferior branches from subclavian artery

Question 52

trachea location

Answer 52

mid-line of neck from C6 (larynx) to T4-5 (sternal angle)

Question 53

T/F: tracheal cartilage is open posterioly?

Answer 53

TRUE

Question 54

terminus of trachea

Answer 54

Carina -- splits into bronchi -- where cough reflex originates

Question 55

location of pharynx

Answer 55

base of cranium to base of cricoid cartilage

Question 56

pharynx function

Answer 56

passageway for food and air (swallowing), connects oral and nasal cavities to trachea

Question 57

subdivisions of pharynx

Answer 57

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 58

nasopharynx location

Answer 58

from nasal cavity to soft palate; contains tonsils

Question 59

oropharynx location

Answer 59

from soft palate to base of tongue; contains tonsils

Question 60

laryngopharynx location

Answer 60

from superior epiglottis to esophagus

Question 61

blood vessels of pharynx

Answer 61

arteries = branches of external carotid pharyngeal venous plexus

Question 62

nerves to pharnyx

Answer 62

1) . vagus to all muscles (except stylopharyngeus) 2) . glossopharyngeal (stylopharyngeus)