Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck

Question 1

What are the major vessels in the neck?

Answer 1

• External Jugular Vein
• Internal Jugular Vein
• Common Carotid Artery

Question 2

What does the Common Carotid Artery Split into?

Answer 2

• Internal Carotid
• External Carotid

Question 3

What does the Subclavian Artery Split into?

Answer 3

• Vertebral Artery
• Thyrocervical trunk
• Inferior thyroid artery

Question 4

Where does the bifurcation of the common carotid occur?

Answer 4

• Within the Carotid Triangle
• At the level of the Hyoid Bone C4

Question 5

What structures are within the Carotid Triangle?

Answer 5

• Common Carotid Artery
• Internal Juglar Vein
• Vagus Nerve
• Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 6

Where does Atherosclerosis typically occur in the Carotid Artery?

Answer 6

• Bifurcation is a common site for atherosclerosis
• This causes the artery to narrow
• The plaque can rupture and release an embolus which can travel to the brain
• Causing a TIA/ Stroke

Question 7

How is Atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries treated?

Answer 7

• Carotid Endarterectomy

Question 8

What is the Carotid Sinus Massage?

Answer 8

• Applying pressure on the carotid bodies
• This increase the baroreceptor activity and causes the heart to slow down

Question 9

Which Vein is a good site for Central Venous Line insertion?

Answer 9

• Internal Jugular Vein

Question 10

What branches does the Internal Carotid give off?

Answer 10

• The internal Carotid gives off no branches

Question 11

Where does the Internal Carotid enter the skull through?

Answer 11

• Enters via the carotid canal

Question 12

What do the cervical vertebrae ascend through?

Answer 12

• Transverse Foramina

Question 13

Which place do the cervical vertebrae enter the skull from?

Answer 13

• Foramen Magnum

Question 14

What do the Internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries supply?

Answer 14

• Supply the brain

Question 15

What structures run through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 15

• Carotid Artery
• Oculomotor nerve (3)
• Trochlear nerve (4)
• 2 branches of the Trigeminal nerve (5) (ophthalmic and maxillary
• Abducens nerve (6)

Question 16

What are the branches of the Internal Carotid Artery?

Answer 16

• Ophthalmic Artery
• Anterior Cerebral Artery
• Middle Cerebral Artery
• Posterior Communicating Artery

Question 17

What are the branches of the Ophthalmic Artery?

Answer 17

• Lacrimal Artery
• Central Retinal Artery
• Supratrochlear Artery
• Supraorbital Artery

Question 18

What are the branches of the External Carotid Artery?

Answer 18

• Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Medical Students
• Superior Thyroid
• Ascending Pharyngeal
• Lingual
• Facial
• Occipital
• Posterior Auricular
• Maxillary
• Superficial Temporal

Question 19

What is the blood supply to the scalp- Internal and External?

Answer 19

• Internal ( Supraorbital artery/ Supratrochlear artery)
• External ( Superficial Temporal artery/ Posterior Auricular Artery/ Occipital Artery)

Question 20

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 20

• Skin
• Connective Tissue
• Aponeurosis
• Loose Areolar Tissue
• Periosteum
• Bone

Question 21

Why does the scalp bleed?

Answer 21

• Heavy bleeding is seen in scalp injures
• Artery walls are help open by connective tissue and therefore can’t constrict
• Lots of anastomoses

Question 22

What are the Superficial arteries of the face?

Answer 22

• Facial Artery:
  1. Superior and Inferior Labial Artery
  2. Lateral Nasal Artery
  3. Angular Artery
• Maxillary Artery:
  1. Transverse facial artery
• Supraorbital and Supratrochlear Arteries

Question 23

What does your Maxillary Artery Split into?

Answer 23

• Middle Meningeal Artery
• Sphenopalatine Artery

Question 24

How does the Middle Meningeal Artery enter the skull?

Answer 24

• Foramen Spinosum

Question 25

What does the Middle Meningeal Artery split into?

Answer 25

- Anterior and Posterior Middle Meningeal Artery

Question 26

What does the Anterior Meningeal artery pass under?

Answer 26

- Pterion

Question 27

What can causes an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 27

- Damage to the Pterion and therefore damage to the anterior meningeal artery

Question 28

What is the management of an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 28

- Craniotomy - opening of the cranium to relieve the pressure - Evacuate the clot forming and stop the bleeding

Question 29

What imaging modality allows you to visualise an extradural bleed?

Answer 29

- Transverse CT image of brain - Lunar picture

Question 30

What is the drainage of the scalp?

Answer 30

- Brain Structures drain into the dural venous sinus - The scalp drains via emissary veins through the skull into the dural venous sinus

Question 31

What vessels drain into the Internal Jugular Vein?

Answer 31

1. Supra-orbital Vein 2. Supratrochlear Vein 3. Angular Vein 4. Deep Facial Vein 5. Common Facial Vein 6. Facial Vein 7. Superficial Temporal 8. Retromandibular Vein 9. Cavernous Sinus 10. Internal Jugular Vein

Question 32

What facial Veins Drain into the Cavernous Sinus?

Answer 32

1. Superior Ophthalmic Vein 2. Inferior Ophthalmic Vein 3. Facial Vein 4. Pterygoid Venous Plexus 5. Cavernous Sinus

Question 33

What are the Dural Venous Sinuses?

Answer 33

1. Superior Sagittal Sinus 2. Inferior Sagittal Sinus 3. Sigmoid Sinus 4. Transverse Sinus 5. Cavernous Sinus