Bloodloss/Factors

Question 1

By the end of the 19th century what was the major problem with surgery?

Answer 1

Blood loss

Question 2

What was the early method of dealing with this?

Answer 2

Cauterisation

Question 3

What did doctors use to try and stem the flow of blood?

Answer 3

Tourniquets

Question 4

Why were early blood transfusions sometimes not successful?

Answer 4

Different blood groups rejected each other

Question 5

What animal did they transfer blood from for early transfusions?

Answer 5

Sheep

Question 6

Which British surgeon gave some successful blood transfusions?

Answer 6

James Blundell

Question 7

Who discovered blood groups?

Answer 7

Landsteiner

Question 8

When was the discovery of blood groups made?

Answer 8

1901

Question 9

What did Landsteiner prove about why there were some incompatible blood types?

Answer 9

The antibodies in the different bloods reject each other

Question 10

The first successful transfusion took place in 1907 by the American doctor Reuben Ottenburg. True or False?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What was the problem with storing blood outside the body?

Answer 11

The blood clotted

Question 12

What was found to stop blood clotting in 1914?

Answer 12

Sodium citrate

Question 13

Sodium citrate separated the blood and it could be stored and packed in ice. What was needed to dilute the blood and make is usable again?

Answer 13

Saline

Question 14

When was the first blood bank set up?

Answer 14

1917

Question 15

Where was the first blood bank set up?

Answer 15

Battle of Cambrai

Question 16

When did the First World War break out?

Answer 16

1914

Question 17

Why was WW1 important for medicine?

Answer 17

More casualties meant more practice so the problem of blood loss in surgery needed to be solved sooner

Question 18

Who developed plastic surgery as a result of the horrific shrapnel injuries?

Answer 18

Harold Gillies

Question 19

What was the Waltzing Pedicle?

Answer 19

Grafting skin in a tube to try and stop infection

Question 20

Name 3 ways that doctors communicated their new ideas

Answer 20

Published in the Lancet, published in newspapers, published notes, conferences

Question 21

When we’re x-rays developed so that doctors could look inside their patient before they operated?

Answer 21

1895

Question 22

When was the hypodermic needle invented?

Answer 22

1853