Bloods

Question 1

White blood cell count

Answer 1

3.6-11.0
^ infection, steroid treatment
↓ medications, autoimmune or blood disorders

Question 2

neutrophils

Answer 2

1.8-7.5
^ bacterial infection

Question 3

lymphocytes

Answer 3

1.0-4.0
^viral infection
↓ hepatitis, lymphoma, AIDS

Question 4

Monocytes

Answer 4

0.2-0.8
^blood disease, autoimmune disease

Question 5

eosinophils

Answer 5

0.1-0.4
^allergies or infectious parasites

Question 6

basophils

Answer 6

0.02-0.1
^ blood disease

Question 7

haemoglobin

Answer 7

males: 130-180
females: 115-165
↓ anemia
^smokers, polycythemia

Question 8

mean corpuscular volume

Answer 8

80-100
^anemia from vitamin deficiency (B12, folic acid)
↓ anaemia due to iron

Question 9

platelet count

Answer 9

140-400x10^4
↓ mediation interactions, antibody formation or liver disease

Question 10

sodium

Answer 10

136-144
^ dehydration
↓ profuse sweating or water pills

Question 11

potassium

Answer 11

^ kidney problems, water pills
↓ kidney problems, vomiting, diahorrea

Question 12

glucose

Answer 12

^diabetes, medications (steroids)
↓ problems with pancreas or liver

Question 13

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 13

^kidney problems
↓ liver disease, pregnancy, certain diets

Question 14

creatinine

Answer 14

^ kidney problems

Question 15

ALT

Answer 15

All types of hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, medication-induced, etc.) can lead to elevations

Question 16

ALT:AST

Answer 16

In many cases of liver inflammation, ALT and AST activities are elevated roughly in a l:l ratio.

Question 17

Alkaline phosphatase

Answer 17

^ disease of the bile ducts, bone disorders. It may also be elevated in growing children and early adulthood up to age 22.

Question 18

GGT

Answer 18

bile duct diseasE, virtually any liver disease and sometimes in normal individuals. GGT is also induced by many medications and alcohol,genetic predisposition. Levels also may be increased in conditions known as fatty liver when the liver is actively metabolizing high lipid levels.

Question 19

ALBUMIN

Answer 19

Low serum albumin concentrations may indicate poor liver function, malnutrition, some kidney diseases and other rare conditions.

Question 20

URIC ACID

Answer 20

Byproduct of cell metabolism and can sometimes cause gout.

Question 21

lipid panel: HDL and LDL

Answer 21

estimate heart disease and stroke risk.