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TETRACYCLINES, MACROLIDES, LINCOSAMIDES, PLEUROMUTILINS, PHENICOLS > Blub > Flashcards

Blub Flashcards

1
Q

2 categories of Tetracyclines

A

Short and long acting

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of Tetracyclines

A

30s ribosome subunit inhibition - protein synthesis inh.

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3
Q

Mode of action of tetracyclines

A

BActeriostatic

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4
Q

Resistance against tetracyclines

A

common esp. in Enterobacteriaceae

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5
Q

Special Bacteria Tetracyclines are active against

A
  • Borrelia spp.
  • Chamydophila spp.
  • Rickettsia spp.
  • Mycoplasma spp.
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6
Q

Protozoa Tetracyclines are active against

A
  • Anaplasma
  • Theileria
  • Eperythrozoon
  • Babesia
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7
Q

Distribution of Tetracyclines

A

Good to excellent

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8
Q

p.o. abs. of short acting tetracyclines

A

variable 30-60%

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9
Q

p.o. abs. of long acting tetracyclines

A

very good 90-100%

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10
Q

Are tetracyclines safe drugs

A

Techn. yes but not in horse and rodents

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11
Q

What do tetracycl. cause in Eq and Rodents

A
  • DYSBACTERIOSIS
  • superinf.
  • nephrotoxoic, hepatotoxic
  • yellow discolouration
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12
Q

Name the active substances of Tetracyclines

A
  • chlortetracycline
  • oxytetracycline
  • doxycycline
  • minocycline
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13
Q

Name the indications for the use of tetracyclines

A
  • resp., u.t., g.i., - infections
  • chlamydiosis
  • lyme disease
  • rickettsiosis
  • ehrlichiosis
  • metritis
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14
Q

What kind of appl. for tetracyclines

A

topical appl.

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15
Q

how can Macrolides and lincosamides both be categorized

A
  • lipophilic
  • alkalytic
  • not to be used in eq
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16
Q

Mech. of action of macrolides

A

inhib. of prot. synth. - 50s rib. subunit - bacteriostatic

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17
Q

Name the BBspectrum of Macrolides

A
  • mainly G+ and fastidious Bb
  • mycoplasm.
  • b.hyodysenteriae
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18
Q

Name the fastidious organisms

A

-pasteurella,mannheimia,actinobacillus,haemophillus

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19
Q

Which MAcrolide is acid sensitive

A

Erythromycin

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20
Q

What must be thought of when applying Macolides

A

that they are tissue irritants

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21
Q

What does B.hyodysenteriae cause

A

su dysentery

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22
Q

What Macrolide would be indicated in R.equi

A

Erythromycin, Azythromycin, Clarithromycin

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23
Q

What are the two versions of Tylosin and what’s the difference

A
  • Tylosn.phosphate - p.o. abs. worse - Su dysentery

- Tylosin-tartarate - p.o. abs. better

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24
Q

Where might Tilmicosin act toxic

A

Cardiovascular system

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25
Q

Which is the best macrolide against B.Hyodysenteriae

A

Tylvalosin

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26
Q

Which Macrolide maintains a high cc in the lungs so 1 injection suffices?

A

Tulathromycin

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27
Q

Which tetracyclines are excreted via urine?

A

Short acting tetracyclines

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28
Q

Which are the short acting tetracyclines

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Chlortetracycline
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29
Q

What’s the best choice for anaerobic bb

A

Macrolides

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30
Q

Name the lincosamides

A

Lincomycine, Clindamycine

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31
Q

Name diseases treatable with doxycycline

A
  • Borrhelia
  • Chlamydophilae
  • Rickettsiae
  • Mycoplasm.
  • Metritis
  • Protozoa: Theileria, Anaplasma, Eperythrozoon, Wohlbachia, Babesia
  • Ehrlichiosis
32
Q

Most toxic aminoglycoside?

A

Neomycin

33
Q

Which can penetrate intracellularly?

A

Tetracyclines

34
Q

Treating oral cavity infections

A

Lincosamides

35
Q

High concentration in bronchial fluid after hours of administration

A

Gamithromycine - effective for 10-15 days

36
Q

Which Macrolide can be used in horses and how

A

for R.euqi in foals under 6months of age

  • Azithromycine
  • Clarithromycine
  • Erythromycine
  • Gamithromycine
37
Q

Mechanism of action of aminoglycosides

A

30s subunit, bactericidal - except: Spectinomycine

38
Q

Side effects of aminoglycosides

A
  • nephrotoxic
  • ototoxic
  • neuromuscular block
39
Q

Describe hot plate mouse

A
  • control: undrugged mouse
  • drugged mice
  • plate heated to 52°
  • frequency of licking and picking leg up
  • comparing the frequency
40
Q

Macrolide which has cardio toxic effect?

A

Tilmicosine

41
Q

Aminoglycosides used for which Bb

A
  • Mycobact.

- Mycoplasm.

42
Q

Tail flick test

A
  • tail radiated
  • time measured until animal moves tail
  • compare
43
Q

Tetracyclines resistance

A

resistance common esp. among enterobacteriaceae

44
Q

Mech. of action of resistance against tetracyclines

A
  • impaired uptake of ab
  • incr. efflux
  • Ab ovo/acquired
45
Q

Sideeffects of pleuromutulins

A
  • skin erythema - peri anal region
  • vulvular oedema
  • dysbacteriosis in eq and rod
  • toxic interactions with ionophores
46
Q

describe pleuromutilins

A

very similar characteristics to macrolides
-Tiamulin
-Valnemulin
primary drugs for swine dysentery

47
Q

Side effect of lincosamides

A
  • severe dysbacteriosis
  • tissue irritation
  • vomiting
48
Q

Clindamycin use?

A
  • oral cavity-, resp-inf
  • toxoplasm.
  • osteomyelitis
  • joint inf.
  • dermatitis
  • anal succulitis
  • abscesses
49
Q

Yellowish discoloration

A

tetracyclines due to high aff. to Ca

50
Q

GI inf due to E.coli/ Salmonella - indications?

A

for aminoglycosides

51
Q

Side effects of tetracyclines

A
  • oral inf
  • GI disturb.
  • dysbacteriosis
  • IV admin may cause hypotension and shock
  • tissue necrosis
  • yellow discoloration
  • hepatotoxicity
  • nephrotoxicity
  • photosensitivity
52
Q

Short acting tetracyclines

A
  • tetracycline
  • chlortetracycline
  • oxytretracycline
53
Q

Which organisms are susc. to tetracyclines

A
  • borrelia spp.
  • chlamydophila
  • rickettsia spp.
  • mycoplasm.
  • Protozoa: Anaplasma, theileria, eperythrozoon
54
Q

Doxycycline indi.

A
  • heartworm
  • borrelia
  • ehrlichiosis
  • bordatella bronchiseptica - kennel cough
55
Q

Aminoglyc. act. against P.aeruginosa

A
  • Amikacin
  • Tobramycin
  • Gentamycin
56
Q

Prohibited in food prod. animals

A

Chloramphenicol

57
Q

Ab acting on bb cell wall

A

Aminoglycosides

58
Q

Synergises with spectinomycin

A

lincomycin (30s) (Spectinomycin 50s)

-used against mycoplasm inf.

59
Q

1st choice for Su dysentery

A

Tylvalosin

60
Q

1st choice for gingivitis

A

Clindamycin

61
Q

1st choice for Borrelia

A

Doxycycline

62
Q

1st choice for wohlbachia

A

tetracyclines

63
Q

1st choice for antibiotic responsive diarrhoea

A

tylosin

64
Q

1st choice for L.i.c.

A

Tiamulin

65
Q

Which macrolides can only used in young horses (under 6 m of age)

A
  • Azithromycine
  • Clarithromycine
  • Erythromycine
  • Gamithromycine
66
Q

Drugs for ophtalmic treatment

A
  • neomycin
  • tobramycin
  • bacitracin
  • polymyxins
67
Q

mode of action of macrolides

A

bacteriostatic

68
Q

Name macrolides used in small animals and humans

A
  • Azithromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Roxithromycin
69
Q

What drug is nowadays obsolete for su dysentery

A

Tylosin

70
Q

What replaces tylosin

A

Tylvalosin

71
Q

Where is heat used as a pain inducer

A
  • Hot plate method
  • Tail immersion test
  • tail flick test
72
Q

Name drug groups acting on 30s subunit

A

Aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

73
Q

Name drug group acting on 50s subunit

A

Macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols, pleuromutulins

74
Q

Drugs against L.ic

A

Tylosin, Tylvalosin, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Valnemulin

75
Q

Which tetracyclines is better orally absorbed

A

long acting

76
Q

What are the long acting tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline, Minocycline

TETRACYCLINES, MACROLIDES, LINCOSAMIDES, PLEUROMUTILINS, PHENICOLS (1 decks)

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