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TETRACYCLINES, MACROLIDES, LINCOSAMIDES, PLEUROMUTILINS, PHENICOLS > Blub > Flashcards

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1
Q

2 categories of Tetracyclines

A

Short and long acting

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of Tetracyclines

A

30s ribosome subunit inhibition - protein synthesis inh.

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3
Q

Mode of action of tetracyclines

A

BActeriostatic

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4
Q

Resistance against tetracyclines

A

common esp. in Enterobacteriaceae

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5
Q

Special Bacteria Tetracyclines are active against

A
  • Borrelia spp.
  • Chamydophila spp.
  • Rickettsia spp.
  • Mycoplasma spp.
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6
Q

Protozoa Tetracyclines are active against

A
  • Anaplasma
  • Theileria
  • Eperythrozoon
  • Babesia
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7
Q

Distribution of Tetracyclines

A

Good to excellent

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8
Q

p.o. abs. of short acting tetracyclines

A

variable 30-60%

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9
Q

p.o. abs. of long acting tetracyclines

A

very good 90-100%

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10
Q

Are tetracyclines safe drugs

A

Techn. yes but not in horse and rodents

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11
Q

What do tetracycl. cause in Eq and Rodents

A
  • DYSBACTERIOSIS
  • superinf.
  • nephrotoxoic, hepatotoxic
  • yellow discolouration
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12
Q

Name the active substances of Tetracyclines

A
  • chlortetracycline
  • oxytetracycline
  • doxycycline
  • minocycline
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13
Q

Name the indications for the use of tetracyclines

A
  • resp., u.t., g.i., - infections
  • chlamydiosis
  • lyme disease
  • rickettsiosis
  • ehrlichiosis
  • metritis
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14
Q

What kind of appl. for tetracyclines

A

topical appl.

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15
Q

how can Macrolides and lincosamides both be categorized

A
  • lipophilic
  • alkalytic
  • not to be used in eq
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16
Q

Mech. of action of macrolides

A

inhib. of prot. synth. - 50s rib. subunit - bacteriostatic

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17
Q

Name the BBspectrum of Macrolides

A
  • mainly G+ and fastidious Bb
  • mycoplasm.
  • b.hyodysenteriae
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18
Q

Name the fastidious organisms

A

-pasteurella,mannheimia,actinobacillus,haemophillus

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19
Q

Which MAcrolide is acid sensitive

A

Erythromycin

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20
Q

What must be thought of when applying Macolides

A

that they are tissue irritants

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21
Q

What does B.hyodysenteriae cause

A

su dysentery

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22
Q

What Macrolide would be indicated in R.equi

A

Erythromycin, Azythromycin, Clarithromycin

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23
Q

What are the two versions of Tylosin and what’s the difference

A
  • Tylosn.phosphate - p.o. abs. worse - Su dysentery

- Tylosin-tartarate - p.o. abs. better

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24
Q

Where might Tilmicosin act toxic

A

Cardiovascular system

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25
Which is the best macrolide against B.Hyodysenteriae
Tylvalosin
26
Which Macrolide maintains a high cc in the lungs so 1 injection suffices?
Tulathromycin
27
Which tetracyclines are excreted via urine?
Short acting tetracyclines
28
Which are the short acting tetracyclines
- Tetracycline - Oxytetracycline - Chlortetracycline
29
What's the best choice for anaerobic bb
Macrolides
30
Name the lincosamides
Lincomycine, Clindamycine
31
Name diseases treatable with doxycycline
- Borrhelia - Chlamydophilae - Rickettsiae - Mycoplasm. - Metritis - Protozoa: Theileria, Anaplasma, Eperythrozoon, Wohlbachia, Babesia - Ehrlichiosis
32
Most toxic aminoglycoside?
Neomycin
33
Which can penetrate intracellularly?
Tetracyclines
34
Treating oral cavity infections
Lincosamides
35
High concentration in bronchial fluid after hours of administration
Gamithromycine - effective for 10-15 days
36
Which Macrolide can be used in horses and how
for R.euqi in foals under 6months of age - Azithromycine - Clarithromycine - Erythromycine - Gamithromycine
37
Mechanism of action of aminoglycosides
30s subunit, bactericidal - except: Spectinomycine
38
Side effects of aminoglycosides
- nephrotoxic - ototoxic - neuromuscular block
39
Describe hot plate mouse
- control: undrugged mouse - drugged mice - plate heated to 52° - frequency of licking and picking leg up - comparing the frequency
40
Macrolide which has cardio toxic effect?
Tilmicosine
41
Aminoglycosides used for which Bb
- Mycobact. | - Mycoplasm.
42
Tail flick test
- tail radiated - time measured until animal moves tail - compare
43
Tetracyclines resistance
resistance common esp. among enterobacteriaceae
44
Mech. of action of resistance against tetracyclines
- impaired uptake of ab - incr. efflux - Ab ovo/acquired
45
Sideeffects of pleuromutulins
- skin erythema - peri anal region - vulvular oedema - dysbacteriosis in eq and rod - toxic interactions with ionophores
46
describe pleuromutilins
very similar characteristics to macrolides -Tiamulin -Valnemulin primary drugs for swine dysentery
47
Side effect of lincosamides
- severe dysbacteriosis - tissue irritation - vomiting
48
Clindamycin use?
- oral cavity-, resp-inf - toxoplasm. - osteomyelitis - joint inf. - dermatitis - anal succulitis - abscesses
49
Yellowish discoloration
tetracyclines due to high aff. to Ca
50
GI inf due to E.coli/ Salmonella - indications?
for aminoglycosides
51
Side effects of tetracyclines
- oral inf - GI disturb. - dysbacteriosis - IV admin may cause hypotension and shock - tissue necrosis - yellow discoloration - hepatotoxicity - nephrotoxicity - photosensitivity
52
Short acting tetracyclines
- tetracycline - chlortetracycline - oxytretracycline
53
Which organisms are susc. to tetracyclines
- borrelia spp. - chlamydophila - rickettsia spp. - mycoplasm. - Protozoa: Anaplasma, theileria, eperythrozoon
54
Doxycycline indi.
- heartworm - borrelia - ehrlichiosis - bordatella bronchiseptica - kennel cough
55
Aminoglyc. act. against P.aeruginosa
- Amikacin - Tobramycin - Gentamycin
56
Prohibited in food prod. animals
Chloramphenicol
57
Ab acting on bb cell wall
Aminoglycosides
58
Synergises with spectinomycin
lincomycin (30s) (Spectinomycin 50s) | -used against mycoplasm inf.
59
1st choice for Su dysentery
Tylvalosin
60
1st choice for gingivitis
Clindamycin
61
1st choice for Borrelia
Doxycycline
62
1st choice for wohlbachia
tetracyclines
63
1st choice for antibiotic responsive diarrhoea
tylosin
64
1st choice for L.i.c.
Tiamulin
65
Which macrolides can only used in young horses (under 6 m of age)
- Azithromycine - Clarithromycine - Erythromycine - Gamithromycine
66
Drugs for ophtalmic treatment
- neomycin - tobramycin - bacitracin - polymyxins
67
mode of action of macrolides
bacteriostatic
68
Name macrolides used in small animals and humans
- Azithromycin - Clarithromycin - Roxithromycin
69
What drug is nowadays obsolete for su dysentery
Tylosin
70
What replaces tylosin
Tylvalosin
71
Where is heat used as a pain inducer
- Hot plate method - Tail immersion test - tail flick test
72
Name drug groups acting on 30s subunit
Aminoglycosides | tetracyclines
73
Name drug group acting on 50s subunit
Macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols, pleuromutulins
74
Drugs against L.ic
Tylosin, Tylvalosin, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Valnemulin
75
Which tetracyclines is better orally absorbed
long acting
76
What are the long acting tetracyclines
Doxycycline, Minocycline

TETRACYCLINES, MACROLIDES, LINCOSAMIDES, PLEUROMUTILINS, PHENICOLS (1 decks)

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